Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jun 24;65(24):619-22. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6524a3.
In 2014, 81% of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diagnoses in the United States were in males, with the highest number of cases among those aged 20-29 years. Racial and ethnic minorities continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV; there are 13 new diagnoses each year per 100,000 white males, 94 per 100,000 black males, and 42 per 100,000 Hispanic males (1). Despite the recommendation by CDC for HIV testing of adults and adolescents (2), in 2014, only 36% of U.S. males aged ≥18 years reported ever having an HIV test (3), and in 2012, an estimated 15% of males living with HIV had undiagnosed HIV infection (4). To identify opportunities for HIV diagnosis in young males, CDC analyzed data from the 2009-2012 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and U.S. Census data to estimate rates of health care use at U.S. physicians' offices and HIV testing at these encounters. During 2009-2012, white males visited physicians' offices more often (average annual rate of 1.6 visits per person) than black males (0.9 visits per person) and Hispanic males (0.8 visits per person). Overall, an HIV test was performed at 1.0% of visits made by young males to physicians' offices, with higher testing rates among black males (2.7%) and Hispanic males (1.4%), compared with white males (0.7%). Although higher proportions of black and Hispanic males received HIV testing at health care visits compared with white males, this benefit is likely attenuated by a lower rate of health care visits. Interventions to routinize HIV testing at U.S physicians' offices could be implemented to improve HIV testing coverage.
2014 年，美国新发现的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染病例中 81%为男性，其中 20-29 岁年龄组的病例数最多。少数族裔受 HIV 的影响仍然不成比例；每 10 万白人男性每年有 13 例新发病例，每 10 万黑人男性有 94 例，每 10 万西班牙裔男性有 42 例（1）。尽管疾病预防控制中心建议对成年人和青少年进行 HIV 检测（2），但 2014 年，只有 36%的 18 岁及以上美国男性报告曾接受过 HIV 检测（3），而 2012 年，估计有 15%的 HIV 感染者未被诊断出 HIV 感染（4）。为了确定在年轻男性中发现 HIV 的机会，疾病预防控制中心分析了 2009-2012 年全国门诊医疗调查（NAMCS）和美国人口普查数据，以估算美国医生办公室的卫生保健使用率和这些就诊时的 HIV 检测率。在 2009-2012 年期间，白人男性比黑人男性（每人每年 0.9 次就诊）和西班牙裔男性（每人每年 0.8 次就诊）更频繁地去医生办公室就诊（每人每年平均就诊次数为 1.6 次）。总体而言，在年轻男性到医生办公室就诊的 1.0%的就诊中进行了 HIV 检测，黑人男性（2.7%）和西班牙裔男性（1.4%）的检测率高于白人男性（0.7%）。尽管与白人男性相比，更多的黑人和西班牙裔男性在就诊时接受了 HIV 检测，但由于就诊率较低，这一益处可能会减弱。可以在全美医生办公室实施常规 HIV 检测的干预措施，以提高 HIV 检测覆盖率。
