Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Endocr Rev. 2016 Aug;37(4):403-16. doi: 10.1210/er.2016-1009. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
Obesity is a low chronic inflammatory state because several inflammatory factors are increased in obese subjects, this having important implications for the onset of obesity-associated complications. The source of most of these inflammatory molecules is white adipose tissue (WAT), which upon excessive weight gain, becomes infiltrated with macrophages and lymphocytes and undergoes important changes in its gene expression. Haptoglobin (Hp), a typical marker of inflammation in clinical practice, main carrier of free hemoglobin, and long known to be part of the hepatic acute phase response, perfectly sits in the intersection between obesity and inflammation: it is expressed by adipocytes and its abundance in WAT and in plasma positively relates to the degree of adiposity. In the present review, we will analyze causes and consequences of Hp expression and regulation in WAT and how these relate to the obesity/inflammation paradigm and comorbidities.
肥胖是一种低度慢性炎症状态，因为肥胖者体内多种炎症因子增加，这对肥胖相关并发症的发生有重要影响。这些炎症分子的主要来源是白色脂肪组织 (WAT)，当体重过度增加时，WAT 会被巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞浸润，并发生重要的基因表达变化。触珠蛋白 (Hp) 是临床实践中炎症的典型标志物，是游离血红蛋白的主要载体，长期以来一直被认为是肝急性期反应的一部分，它恰好位于肥胖和炎症的交叉点：它由脂肪细胞表达，其在 WAT 中的丰度和血浆中的含量与肥胖程度呈正相关。在本综述中，我们将分析 Hp 在 WAT 中的表达和调节的原因和后果，以及它们与肥胖/炎症范式和合并症的关系。
