Hinault T, Lemaire P
Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Marseille, France.
Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Marseille, France.
Prog Brain Res. 2016;227:257-76. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.03.009. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
In this review, we provide an overview of how age-related changes in executive control influence aging effects in arithmetic processing. More specifically, we consider the role of executive control in strategic variations with age during arithmetic problem solving. Previous studies found that age-related differences in arithmetic performance are associated with strategic variations. That is, when they accomplish arithmetic problem-solving tasks, older adults use fewer strategies than young adults, use strategies in different proportions, and select and execute strategies less efficiently. Here, we review recent evidence, suggesting that age-related changes in inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory processes underlie age-related changes in strategic variations during arithmetic problem solving. We discuss both behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying age-related changes in these executive control processes.
在本综述中，我们概述了执行控制方面与年龄相关的变化如何影响算术运算中的衰老效应。更具体地说，我们考虑执行控制在算术问题解决过程中随年龄的策略变化中的作用。先前的研究发现，算术表现方面与年龄相关的差异与策略变化有关。也就是说，在完成算术问题解决任务时，老年人使用的策略比年轻人少，使用策略的比例不同，并且选择和执行策略的效率较低。在此，我们回顾了最近的证据，表明抑制、认知灵活性和工作记忆过程中与年龄相关的变化是算术问题解决过程中与年龄相关的策略变化的基础。我们讨论了这些执行控制过程中与年龄相关变化的行为和神经机制。
