McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2019 Jan;40(1):80-97. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24356. Epub 2018 Sep 26.
Optimal performance depends in part on the ability to inhibit the automatic processing of irrelevant information and also on the adjusting the level of control from one trial to the next. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal neural correlates of cognitive control using simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, while 22 participants (10 women) performed a numerical Stroop task. We investigated the spatial and temporal dynamic of the conflict adaptation effects (i.e., reduced interference on items that follow an incongruent stimulus compared to after a congruent stimulus). Joint independent component analysis linked the N200 component to activation of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the conflict slow potential to widespread activations within the fronto-parietal executive control network. Connectivity analyses with psychophysiological interactions and dynamic causal modeling demonstrated coordinated engagement of the cognitive control network after the processing of an incongruent item, and this was correlated with better behavioral performance. Our results combined high spatial and temporal resolution to propose the following network of conflict adaptation effect and specify the time course of activation within this model: first, the anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus are activated when incongruence is detected. These regions then signal the need for higher control to the ACC, which in turn activates the fronto-parietal executive control network to improve the performance on the next trial.
最佳表现部分取决于抑制无关信息自动处理的能力，还取决于根据每一次试验调整控制水平的能力。在这项研究中，我们使用同时进行的功能磁共振成像和脑电图来研究认知控制的时空神经相关性，而 22 名参与者（10 名女性）执行了数字斯特鲁普任务。我们调查了冲突适应效应的空间和时间动态（即，与一致刺激后相比，跟随不一致刺激的项目的干扰减少）。联合独立成分分析将 N200 成分与前扣带皮层（ACC）的激活以及冲突慢电位与额顶执行控制网络内的广泛激活联系起来。使用心理生理交互作用和动态因果建模的连通性分析表明，在处理不一致的项目后，认知控制网络协调参与，这与更好的行为表现相关。我们的结果结合了高空间和时间分辨率，提出了冲突适应效应的以下网络，并在该模型中指定了激活的时间过程：首先，当检测到不一致时，前岛叶和下额回被激活。然后，这些区域向 ACC 发出需要更高控制的信号，ACC 反过来激活额顶执行控制网络，以提高下一次试验的表现。
