Clarke Sophie A, Dhillo Waljit S
Department of Investigative MedicineImperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Department of Investigative MedicineImperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
J Endocrinol. 2016 Jun;229(3):R83-98. doi: 10.1530/JOE-15-0538.
Since its first description in 1996, the KISS1 gene and its peptide products, kisspeptins, have increasingly become recognised as key regulators of reproductive health. With kisspeptins acting as ligands for the kisspeptin receptor KISS1R (previously known as GPR54 or KPR54), recent work has consistently shown that administration of kisspeptin across a variety of species stimulates gonadotrophin release through influencing gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion. Evidence from both animal and human studies supports the finding that kisspeptins are crucial for ensuring healthy development, with knockout animal models, as well as proband genetic testing in human patients affected by abnormal pubertal development, corroborating the notion that a functional kisspeptin receptor is required for appropriate gonadotrophin secretion. Given the large body of evidence that exists surrounding the influence of kisspeptin in a variety of settings, this review summarises our physiological understanding of the role of these important peptides and their receptors, before proceeding to describe the varying role they play across the reproductive lifespan.
自1996年首次被描述以来，KISS1基因及其肽产物 kisspeptins越来越被认为是生殖健康的关键调节因子。由于kisspeptins作为亲吻素受体KISS1R（以前称为GPR54或KPR54）的配体，最近的研究一致表明，在各种物种中施用亲吻素可通过影响促性腺激素释放激素的分泌来刺激促性腺激素的释放。动物和人体研究的证据都支持这样的发现，即亲吻素对于确保健康发育至关重要，基因敲除动物模型以及对青春期发育异常的人类患者进行先证者基因检测，都证实了适当的促性腺激素分泌需要功能性亲吻素受体这一观点。鉴于围绕亲吻素在各种情况下的影响已有大量证据，本综述总结了我们对这些重要肽及其受体作用的生理理解，然后描述它们在整个生殖寿命中所起的不同作用。
