Sidaway Ben, Ala Bradley, Baughman Katherine, Glidden Joshua, Cowie Stephanie, Peabody Ashley, Roundy Darren, Spaulding Jennie, Stephens Rebecca, Wright David L
a Physical Therapy, Husson University , Bangor , Maine.
b Physical Therapy, Aroostook Medical Center , Presque Isle , Maine.
J Mot Behav. 2016 Nov-Dec;48(6):509-518. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2016.1152221. Epub 2016 Jun 24.
In healthy young adults motor learning is typically improved by practice under conditions of high contextual interference such as that created when a series of skills are practiced in a random sequence. The authors examined whether individuals with Parkinson's disease and age-matched older adults might also benefit from such a learning environment. Participants learned 3 peg placement movements under both random practice and blocked practice schedules. Participants completed free-recall, cued-recall, and transfer tests 1 day and 1 week following practice. During acquisition all learners had shorter movement times (MTs) during blocked than random practice but during retention testing, MTs were shorter if the patterns had been learned with random practice. Fewer errors during free recall following random practice were evident in both groups of learners and MTs to complete a novel transfer task were shorter following random practice. These findings suggest employing a cognitively challenging practice environment might improve motor skill learning in elderly learners and in people with Parkinson's disease.
在健康的年轻成年人中，运动学习通常在高情境干扰条件下通过练习得到改善，比如当一系列技能以随机顺序进行练习时所产生的干扰。作者研究了帕金森病患者和年龄匹配的老年人是否也能从这样的学习环境中受益。参与者在随机练习和集中练习两种安排下学习3种插栓放置动作。参与者在练习后的1天和1周完成自由回忆、线索回忆和迁移测试。在习得过程中，所有学习者在集中练习时的动作时间（MTs）比随机练习时短，但在保持测试期间，如果是通过随机练习学习这些模式，MTs会更短。两组学习者在随机练习后的自由回忆中错误都更少，并且在随机练习后完成一项新的迁移任务的MTs更短。这些发现表明，采用具有认知挑战性的练习环境可能会改善老年学习者和帕金森病患者的运动技能学习。
