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用于超高频射频识别的基于相位的三维近场源定位技术比较

Comparison of Phase-Based 3D Near-Field Source Localization Techniques for UHF RFID.

作者信息

Parr Andreas, Miesen Robert, Vossiek Martin

机构信息

Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2016 Jun 25;16(7):978. doi: 10.3390/s16070978.

DOI:10.3390/s16070978
PMID:27347976
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4970029/
Abstract

In this paper, we present multiple techniques for phase-based narrowband backscatter tag localization in three-dimensional space with planar antenna arrays or synthetic apertures. Beamformer and MUSIC localization algorithms, known from near-field source localization and direction-of-arrival estimation, are applied to the 3D backscatter scenario and their performance in terms of localization accuracy is evaluated. We discuss the impact of different transceiver modes known from the literature, which evaluate different send and receive antenna path combinations for a single localization, as in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Furthermore, we propose a new Singledimensional-MIMO (S-MIMO) transceiver mode, which is especially suited for use with mobile robot systems. Monte-Carlo simulations based on a realistic multipath error model ensure spatial correlation of the simulated signals, and serve to critically appraise the accuracies of the different localization approaches. A synthetic uniform rectangular array created by a robotic arm is used to evaluate selected localization techniques. We use an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) setup to compare measurements with the theory and simulation. The results show how a mean localization accuracy of less than 30 cm can be reached in an indoor environment. Further simulations demonstrate how the distance between aperture and tag affects the localization accuracy and how the size and grid spacing of the rectangular array need to be adapted to improve the localization accuracy down to orders of magnitude in the centimeter range, and to maximize array efficiency in terms of localization accuracy per number of elements.

摘要

在本文中，我们提出了多种技术，用于在具有平面天线阵列或合成孔径的三维空间中基于相位的窄带反向散射标签定位。从近场源定位和到达方向估计中已知的波束形成器和MUSIC定位算法被应用于三维反向散射场景，并评估了它们在定位精度方面的性能。我们讨论了文献中已知的不同收发器模式的影响，这些模式评估了单个定位中不同的发送和接收天线路径组合，就像在多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中一样。此外，我们提出了一种新的单维MIMO（S-MIMO）收发器模式，它特别适用于移动机器人系统。基于现实多径误差模型的蒙特卡罗模拟确保了模拟信号的空间相关性，并用于严格评估不同定位方法的精度。由机器人手臂创建的合成均匀矩形阵列用于评估选定的定位技术。我们使用超高频（UHF）射频识别（RFID）设置将测量结果与理论和模拟进行比较。结果表明，在室内环境中如何能够实现小于30厘米的平均定位精度。进一步的模拟展示了孔径与标签之间的距离如何影响定位精度，以及矩形阵列的尺寸和网格间距需要如何调整，以将定位精度提高到厘米范围内的数量级，并在每个元素的定位精度方面最大化阵列效率。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71de/4970029/1006eae42dfc/sensors-16-00978-g012.jpg
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