Walcher-Chevillet Cristina L, Kramer Elena M
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2016 Aug;39:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.005. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
The formation of complex three-dimensional shape differs significantly between plants and animals due to the presence of the cell wall in the former, which prevents all cell migration. Instead, in lateral plant organs such as leaves or petals, shape is controlled by a series of developmental phases in which the organ acquires polarity, cells undergo proliferation, and, lastly, cells expand to their final shape and size. Although these processes were first described based on mutagenesis approaches in major model systems like Arabidopsis thaliana, further insight into their complexity is best provided by studies of natural variation in organ shape in alternative model systems that sample a broader range of plant form. Weaving together work from both forward and evolutionary genetics, this review focuses on how modification in polarity establishment, cell proliferation and cell expansion drives modifications in the fundamental lateral organ developmental program to create diversity in shape.
由于植物具有细胞壁，这阻止了所有细胞迁移，所以动植物在复杂三维形状的形成上存在显著差异。相反，在叶片或花瓣等植物侧生器官中，形状由一系列发育阶段控制，在这些阶段中器官获得极性，细胞进行增殖，最后，细胞扩展到其最终形状和大小。尽管这些过程最初是基于拟南芥等主要模式系统中的诱变方法描述的，但通过对更广泛植物形态的替代模式系统中器官形状的自然变异进行研究，能更好地深入了解其复杂性。本综述将正向遗传学和进化遗传学的研究结合起来，重点关注极性建立、细胞增殖和细胞扩展的改变如何驱动基本侧生器官发育程序的改变，从而创造出形状的多样性。
