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自闭症患者时间间隔再现中的集中趋势效应。

Central tendency effects in time interval reproduction in autism.

作者信息

Karaminis Themelis, Cicchini Guido Marco, Neil Louise, Cappagli Giulia, Aagten-Murphy David, Burr David, Pellicano Elizabeth

机构信息

Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, WC1H 0NU, UK.

School of Psychology, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 28;6:28570. doi: 10.1038/srep28570.

Abstract

Central tendency, the tendency of judgements of quantities (lengths, durations etc.) to gravitate towards their mean, is one of the most robust perceptual effects. A Bayesian account has recently suggested that central tendency reflects the integration of noisy sensory estimates with prior knowledge representations of a mean stimulus, serving to improve performance. The process is flexible, so prior knowledge is weighted more heavily when sensory estimates are imprecise, requiring more integration to reduce noise. In this study we measure central tendency in autism to evaluate a recent theoretical hypothesis suggesting that autistic perception relies less on prior knowledge representations than typical perception. If true, autistic children should show reduced central tendency than theoretically predicted from their temporal resolution. We tested autistic and age- and ability-matched typical children in two child-friendly tasks: (1) a time interval reproduction task, measuring central tendency in the temporal domain; and (2) a time discrimination task, assessing temporal resolution. Central tendency reduced with age in typical development, while temporal resolution improved. Autistic children performed far worse in temporal discrimination than the matched controls. Computational simulations suggested that central tendency was much less in autistic children than predicted by theoretical modelling, given their poor temporal resolution.

摘要

集中趋势,即对数量(长度、持续时间等)的判断趋向于其平均值的倾向,是最稳固的感知效应之一。最近一种贝叶斯理论认为,集中趋势反映了有噪声的感官估计与平均刺激的先验知识表征的整合,有助于提高表现。这个过程是灵活的,所以当感官估计不准确时,先验知识的权重会更大,需要更多的整合来减少噪声。在本研究中,我们测量了自闭症患者的集中趋势,以评估最近的一个理论假设,即自闭症患者的感知比典型感知更少依赖先验知识表征。如果这是真的,自闭症儿童的集中趋势应该比根据他们的时间分辨率理论预测的要低。我们在两项适合儿童的任务中测试了自闭症儿童以及年龄和能力匹配的典型儿童:(1)一个时间间隔再现任务,测量时间领域的集中趋势;(2)一个时间辨别任务,评估时间分辨率。在典型发育过程中,集中趋势随年龄降低,而时间分辨率提高。自闭症儿童在时间辨别方面的表现远不如匹配的对照组。计算模拟表明,鉴于自闭症儿童较差的时间分辨率,他们的集中趋势比理论模型预测的要低得多。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/be66/4923867/5bdb2640432f/srep28570-f1.jpg

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