Alnaes R, Torgersen S
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Norway.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1989 Apr;79(4):370-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb10272.x.
A consecutive sample of 298 nonpsychotic psychiatric outpatients was classified according to DSM-III and divided into 4 diagnostic groups: pure major depression, mixed major depression/panic disorder, pure panic disorder and a remaining group of other disorders. The patients' report of childhood relationship to parents and siblings, family atmosphere, their own personality characteristics as children and precipitating events were compared in the various groups. In addition, differences in personality and frequencies of personality disorders were investigated by means of various instruments. Our results show that the type of relationship to parents in childhood differed in the various groups. The mother seems to be the most crucial person for the development of depression, the father for the development of panic disorder. Patients with major depression are more obsessive and patients with panic disorder more infantile and avoidant with less control of their personality. Finally, patients with mixed conditions are more in accordance with the DSM-III anxious personality disorder cluster.
对298名非精神病性精神科门诊患者的连续样本按照《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM-III）进行分类，并分为4个诊断组：单纯重度抑郁症、重度抑郁症/惊恐障碍混合型、单纯惊恐障碍以及其余一组其他障碍。比较了各组患者关于童年与父母及兄弟姐妹的关系、家庭氛围、童年时自身的性格特点以及促发事件的报告。此外，通过各种工具调查了人格差异及人格障碍的发生率。我们的结果表明，童年与父母的关系类型在各组中有所不同。母亲似乎是抑郁症发病的最关键人物，父亲则是惊恐障碍发病的关键人物。重度抑郁症患者更具强迫性，惊恐障碍患者更幼稚、回避，且对自身性格的控制较少。最后，混合型患者更符合DSM-III中焦虑性人格障碍类别。
