van Duijvenvoorde Anna C K, Peters Sabine, Braams Barbara R, Crone Eveline A
Department of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, United States.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Nov;70:135-147. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.037. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
Adolescence is characterized by pronounced changes in motivated behavior, during which emphasis on potential rewards may result in an increased tendency to approach things that are novel and bring potential for positive reinforcement. While this may result in risky and health-endangering behavior, it may also lead to positive consequences, such as behavioral flexibility and greater learning. In this review we will discuss both the maladaptive and adaptive properties of heightened reward-sensitivity in adolescents by reviewing recent cognitive neuroscience findings in relation to behavioral outcomes. First, we identify brain regions involved in processing rewards in adults and adolescents. Second, we discuss how functional changes in reward-related brain activity during adolescence are related to two behavioral domains: risk taking and cognitive control. Finally, we conclude that progress lies in new levels of explanation by further integration of neural results with behavioral theories and computational models. In addition, we highlight that longitudinal measures, and a better conceptualization of adolescence and environmental determinants, are of crucial importance for understanding positive and negative developmental trajectories.
青春期的特点是动机行为发生显著变化，在此期间，对潜在奖励的重视可能导致接近新奇事物和带来积极强化可能性的事物的倾向增加。虽然这可能导致危险和危害健康的行为，但也可能产生积极后果，如行为灵活性和更好的学习能力。在这篇综述中，我们将通过回顾最近与行为结果相关的认知神经科学研究结果，来讨论青少年奖励敏感性增强的适应不良和适应性特征。首先，我们确定成人和青少年中参与奖励处理的脑区。其次，我们讨论青春期与奖励相关的大脑活动的功能变化如何与两个行为领域相关：冒险和认知控制。最后，我们得出结论，进展在于通过将神经学结果与行为理论和计算模型进一步整合，达到新的解释水平。此外，我们强调纵向测量以及对青春期和环境决定因素更好的概念化，对于理解积极和消极的发展轨迹至关重要。
