Paulus Markus
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Dev Psychol. 2016 Aug;52(8):1299-306. doi: 10.1037/dev0000150. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
Expectations that others will reciprocate to the benefits they received from us play a crucial role for the establishment of stable reciprocal exchange within social relationships. In the current study, 3- to 5-year-old preschool children allocated in a first phase more resources to one recipient than to another recipient. Subsequently, they had the possibility to ask one of them for valuable resources. The results of Experiment 1 show that preschool children expect others to reciprocate and strategically ask the ones they benefitted more to share with them. Experiment 2 demonstrates that there was no selective resource request when the recipients were absent during children's resource allocations. Experiment 3 showed that children focused on the absolute amount of resources given to the recipients, but did not monitor their own relative generosity in judging to whom of the recipients they had been nicer. This study provides first evidence that preschool children possess reciprocity expectations and point thus to the strategic nature of early social behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
期望他人会回报我们给予他们的好处，这对于在社会关系中建立稳定的互惠交换起着至关重要的作用。在当前的研究中，3至5岁的学龄前儿童在第一阶段将更多资源分配给一个接受者而非另一个接受者。随后，他们有可能向其中一人索要宝贵的资源。实验1的结果表明，学龄前儿童期望他人会回报，并策略性地要求那些他们受益更多的人与他们分享。实验2表明，当接受者在儿童进行资源分配时不在场时，不存在选择性资源请求。实验3表明，儿童关注给予接受者的资源绝对量，但在判断他们对哪个接受者更好时，并未监测自己的相对慷慨程度。这项研究首次证明学龄前儿童具有互惠期望，从而指出了早期社会行为的策略性本质。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
