Esteghamati Alireza, Etemad Koorosh, Koohpayehzadeh Jalil, Abbasi Mehrshad, Meysamie Alipasha, Khajeh Elias, Asgari Fereshteh, Noshad Sina, Rafei Ali, Mousavizadeh Mostafa, Neishaboury Mohamad Reza, Afarideh Mohsen, Nakhjavani Manouchehr
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Center for Disease Control, Tehran, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2016 Jul;19(7):456-64.
Hypertension is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Yet, Nation-wide prevalence and trend reports in developing countries are sparsely available.
Data from three cycles of Survey of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD) 2005 - 2011 were aggregated. In 2011, 8218 adults aged 25 - 70 years were enrolled. For trend analysis 68850, 4184, and 7416 adults aged 25 - 64 years were included from 2005, 2007, and 2011 surveys, respectively. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, or receiving anti-hypertensive medication. Pre-hypertension was defined as SBP between 120 - 139 or DBP between 80 - 89 mmHg. The status of awareness, non-pharmacologic treatment (management), pharmacologic treatment, and control (SBP < 140 mmHg, and DBP < 90 mmHg) among hypertensive individuals were also determined.
25.6% (95%CI: 23.5 - 27.5) of the adults aged 25 - 70 years had hypertension and 39.8% (95%CI: 37.8 - 41.9) had pre-hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was greater among older adults (P < 0.001), women (P = 0.013), and urban-dwellers (P = 0.027). In 2005 - 2011, the proportion of adults with hypertension (25.7% to 24.1%) and pre-hypertension (45.5% to 40.4%) significantly decreased. In 2011, rates for awareness, management, treatment, and control among hypertensives were 43.2% (95%CI: 40.0 - 46.4), 40.3% (95%CI: 37.0 - 43.6), 34.8% (95%CI: 31.5 - 38.2), and 38.6% (95%CI: 33.1 - 44.2), respectively. Over time, status of awareness, management, treatment and control was significantly improved and was more salient among men (P < 0.05 for all analyses).
The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension is gradually declining. Despite improvements in awareness, management, treatment and control, these decline rates are still low and initiative strategies need to be implemented to further improve the current status.
高血压是非传染性疾病的主要危险因素。然而，发展中国家全国范围内的患病率和趋势报告却很少。
汇总了2005 - 2011年三个周期的非传染性疾病危险因素调查（SuRFNCD）的数据。2011年，纳入了8218名年龄在25 - 70岁的成年人。为进行趋势分析，分别纳入了2005年、2007年和2011年调查中年龄在25 - 64岁的68850名、4184名和7416名成年人。高血压定义为收缩压（SBP）≥140 mmHg、舒张压（DBP）≥90 mmHg或正在接受抗高血压药物治疗。高血压前期定义为SBP在120 - 139之间或DBP在80 - 89 mmHg之间。还确定了高血压患者的知晓情况、非药物治疗（管理）、药物治疗以及控制情况（SBP < 140 mmHg且DBP < 90 mmHg）。
25 - 70岁的成年人中，25.6%（95%CI：23.5 - 27.5）患有高血压，39.8%（95%CI：37.8 - 41.9）患有高血压前期。老年人（P < 0.001）、女性（P = 0.013）和城市居民（P = 0.027）中高血压患病率更高。在2005 - 2011年期间，患有高血压（从25.7%降至24.1%）和高血压前期（从45.5%降至40.4%）的成年人比例显著下降。2011年，高血压患者的知晓率、管理率、治疗率和控制率分别为43.2%（95%CI：40.0 - 46.4）、40.3%（95%CI：37.0 - 43.6）、34.8%（95%CI：31.5 - 38.2）和38.6%（95%CI：33.1 - 44.2）。随着时间的推移，知晓、管理、治疗和控制情况有显著改善，且在男性中更为明显（所有分析P < 0.05）。
高血压和高血压前期的患病率正在逐渐下降。尽管在知晓、管理、治疗和控制方面有所改善，但这些下降率仍然较低，需要实施主动策略以进一步改善当前状况。
