Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; email:
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2016 Oct 6;32:173-195. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125416. Epub 2016 Jun 24.
Objects are commonly moved within the cell by either passive diffusion or active directed transport. A third possibility is advection, in which objects within the cytoplasm are moved with the flow of the cytoplasm. Bulk movement of the cytoplasm, or streaming, as required for advection, is more common in large cells than in small cells. For example, streaming is observed in elongated plant cells and the oocytes of several species. In the Drosophila oocyte, two stages of streaming are observed: relatively slow streaming during mid-oogenesis and streaming that is approximately ten times faster during late oogenesis. These flows are implicated in two processes: polarity establishment and mixing. In this review, I discuss the underlying mechanism of streaming, how slow and fast streaming are differentiated, and what we know about the physiological roles of the two types of streaming.
细胞内的物质通常通过被动扩散或主动定向运输来移动。第三种可能是对流，细胞质内的物质随着细胞质的流动而移动。对于对流来说，细胞质的整体运动或流动在大细胞中比在小细胞中更为常见。例如，在伸长的植物细胞和几种物种的卵母细胞中观察到流动。在果蝇卵母细胞中，观察到两个阶段的流动：在卵母细胞中期相对缓慢的流动和在卵母细胞后期快约 10 倍的流动。这些流动涉及两个过程：极性建立和混合。在这篇综述中，我讨论了流动的潜在机制，如何区分慢流和快流，以及我们对两种类型流动的生理作用的了解。
