Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Post Office Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
Science. 2016 Jul 15;353(6296):269-74. doi: 10.1126/science.aae0061. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
Industrial chlorofluorocarbons that cause ozone depletion have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol. A chemically driven increase in polar ozone (or "healing") is expected in response to this historic agreement. Observations and model calculations together indicate that healing of the Antarctic ozone layer has now begun to occur during the month of September. Fingerprints of September healing since 2000 include (i) increases in ozone column amounts, (ii) changes in the vertical profile of ozone concentration, and (iii) decreases in the areal extent of the ozone hole. Along with chemistry, dynamical and temperature changes have contributed to the healing but could represent feedbacks to chemistry. Volcanic eruptions have episodically interfered with healing, particularly during 2015, when a record October ozone hole occurred after the Calbuco eruption.
工业用消耗臭氧层物质（CFCs）已于《蒙特利尔议定书》中逐步淘汰。预计随着这一历史性协议的签署，极地臭氧（或“恢复”）将出现化学驱动的增加。观测和模型计算均表明，南极臭氧层的恢复已开始在 9 月份发生。自 2000 年以来，9 月恢复的特征包括：（i）臭氧柱总量增加，（ii）臭氧浓度垂直分布变化，以及（iii）臭氧空洞面积减少。除了化学变化之外，动力和温度变化也促成了臭氧恢复，但这可能是对化学变化的反馈。火山爆发间歇性地干扰了臭氧恢复，特别是在 2015 年，卡布雷拉火山爆发后出现了创纪录的 10 月臭氧空洞。
