A STUDY OF HYPERINSULINAEMIA AND DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS OF ARMED FORCES.

All patients attending the outpatient department were screened for hypertension. An attempt was made to correlate presence of hyperinsulinaemia (HI), dyslipidaemia and anthropometric characteristics in these hypertensives. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and beta blockers on serum insulin was also studied. 85 patients with blood pressure (BP) ≥ 160/90 mm Hg and 94 controls with a BP of < 130/85 mm Hg were studied. All underwent clinical examination, anthropometric measurements (body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), skin fold thickness (SFT) and laboratory investigation (serum insulin, glucose, lipid profile) and post oral glucose load (POGL) for insulin and glucose. Serum insulin was estimated by I(125) radio immuno assay. Patients were randomly divided into group A (Tab enalapril) and group B (Tab atenolol). In 51 patients who completed the study, fasting and POGL insulin and fasting lipid profile were estimated two months after treatment. Mean age of cases was 38.91 years. 50% of patients had stage II hypertension. BMI was increased in 36 cases (42.35%) as compared to 9 in (9.57%) controls. Increased WHR was found in 40 cases as compared to 26 in controls. The SFT was more in cases compared to controls. 47 (55.29%) of 85 cases had abnormal lipid profile as compared to 25 (26.60%) in 94 controls. The fasting and POGL insulin levels (13.85 and 60.05 micro u/ml respectively) in cases were significantly higher than in controls (6.87 and 16.16 micro u/ml respectively). The mean POGL insulin values were much higher in obese compared to non-obese hypertensives. The decrease in mean fasting and POGL insulin values in patients taking ACEI and beta blockers were similar. Abnormal lipid profile was significantly more in cases than controls. Increased total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and total cholesterol (TC)/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio were the most frequent abnormality. The mean insulin (both fasting and POGL) levels were higher in obese hypertensives and those with abnormal lipid profile. Both drugs had equal efficacy in reducing the insulin values.