Gupta R
Department of Medicine, Monilek Hospital & Research Centre, Jaipur.
Indian Heart J. 1997 Jan-Feb;49(1):43-8.
To determine the changing trends in prevalence of hypertension and mean blood pressure (BP) levels in India and to study the urban and rural differences, a meta-analysis of all available epidemiological studies was performed. The first such study was reported by Chopra in 1942. Since then many studies (n = 34) in urban and rural areas of India have been carried out. The earlier studies of Dotto (1949), Dubey (1954) and Sathe (1959) showed hypertension prevalence of 1.24 +/- 0.2, 4.24 +/- 0.4 and 3.03 +/- 0.3 percent in urban populations of Calcutta, Kanpur and Mumbai, respectively. Studies since 1959 used the World Health Organization's guidelines and have shown an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension. Studies from Ludhiana (1985) and Jaipur (1995) have shown the prevalence to be 14.08 +/- 1.1 and 10.99 +/- 0.7 percent, respectively. Trend analysis comparable studies among urban areas (n = 10) shows a significant increase in the prevalence of hypertension (Mantel-Haenszel chi 2 = 5.99, p = 0.014). Studies in rural areas (n = 14) also show an increase in prevalence of hypertension although the rise is not as steep as in urban populations (Mantel-Haenszel chi 2 = 2.75, p = 0.097). Changes in mean BP levels were analysed using the data on mean systolic and diastolic BP in urban men aged 40-49 years from 1959 to 1995. There was a significant increase in systolic BP (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) and not in diastolic BP (r = 0.43, p = 0.2). In India, hypertension is emerging as a major health problem and is more in urban than in rural subjects.
为了确定印度高血压患病率和平均血压水平的变化趋势，并研究城乡差异，我们对所有可用的流行病学研究进行了荟萃分析。第一项此类研究由乔普拉于1942年报道。从那时起，印度城乡地区开展了许多研究（n = 34）。多托（1949年）、杜比（1954年）和萨特（1959年）早期的研究分别显示，加尔各答、坎普尔和孟买城市人口的高血压患病率为1.24±0.2%、4.24±0.4%和3.03±0.3%。1959年以来的研究采用了世界卫生组织的指南，显示高血压患病率呈上升趋势。卢迪亚纳（1985年）和斋浦尔（1995年）的研究显示患病率分别为14.08±1.1%和10.99±0.7%。对城市地区（n = 10）的可比研究进行趋势分析表明，高血压患病率显著上升（Mantel-Haenszel卡方 = 5.99，p = 0.014）。农村地区（n = 14）的研究也显示高血压患病率有所上升，尽管上升幅度不如城市人口陡峭（Mantel-Haenszel卡方 = 2.75，p = 0.097）。利用1959年至1995年40至49岁城市男性的平均收缩压和舒张压数据，分析了平均血压水平的变化。收缩压有显著上升（r = 0.95，p < 0.001），而舒张压没有显著上升（r = 0.43，p = 0.2）。在印度，高血压正成为一个主要的健康问题，城市居民比农村居民更为严重。
