Tichácek B
Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 1989 May;38(3):129-36.
The first part of the paper pertains to the concept of the approach to investigations of health in relation to the living environment. It is based on the fact that man is exposed to the action of basic groups of factors: physical, chemical, biological and psychosocial. Attention is devoted not only to the specific action of individual factors or their groups to the health of man but also to certain general trends, i.e. the influence on the immunobiological status of the organism, the influence on the cardiovascular system and the influence on the genetic apparatus with all sequelae, in particular in the sphere of diseases of civilization. As these factors only rarely act isolated, a comprehensive approach to the problem is essential. In the main part of the paper the principles of the application of epidemiological methods in the sphere of investigations of the health status and living environment are analyzed. The following pattern is used: 1. Descriptive epidemiology (using mortality and morbidity statistics); 2. Analytical epidemiology (prospective and retrospective approach); 3. Experimental epidemiology. The key problem remains assessment of exposure and subsequent effect on health. In conjunction with it certain principles of assessment and monitoring are mentioned as well as advantages and limitation of the basic methods of approach.
本文的第一部分涉及与生活环境相关的健康调查方法的概念。其基于这样一个事实，即人类暴露于基本的几组因素的作用之下：物理、化学、生物和社会心理因素。不仅关注个体因素或其组合对人类健康的具体作用，还关注某些总体趋势，即对机体免疫生物学状态的影响、对心血管系统的影响以及对遗传机制及其所有后果的影响，尤其是在文明病领域。由于这些因素很少单独起作用，因此对该问题采取综合方法至关重要。在本文的主要部分，分析了在健康状况和生活环境调查领域应用流行病学方法的原则。采用了以下模式：1. 描述性流行病学（使用死亡率和发病率统计数据）；2. 分析性流行病学（前瞻性和回顾性方法）；3. 实验性流行病学。关键问题仍然是暴露评估以及对健康的后续影响。与此相关，还提到了某些评估和监测原则以及基本调查方法的优缺点。
