Medical Psychology from Medical School of Lisbon, Psychiatric Service from Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
Medical Psychology from Medical School of Lisbon, Psychiatric Service from Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
Psychiatry Res. 2016 Sep 30;243:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.064. Epub 2016 Jun 21.
Craving is thought to play an important role in alcohol use disorders. The recent inclusion of "craving" as a formal diagnostic symptom calls for further investigation of this subjective phenomenon with multiple dimensions. Considering that alcohol-dependent patients compensate negative physical/emotional states with alcohol, the aim of this study is to investigate alcohol craving and its correlation with drinking measures and affective personality dimensions. A sample of 135 alcohol-dependent patients (104 males and 31 females) was collected from a clinical setting. Subjects self-rated their cravings (Penn Alcohol Craving Scale) and the stage of change. Several personality scales were also administered. Craving was related to drinking status, abstinence time, age, and taking steps. After controlling for these conditions, psychological characteristics related to low self-concept, neuroticism, cyclothymic affective temperament, depression, and hostility were found to be predictors of craving in sober alcohol-dependent patients. Our results support craving as a component of the phenomenology of alcohol dependence and highlight the presence of unpleasant feelings as predictors of craving in sober alcohol-dependent patients without co-occurring psychiatric conditions. The predisposition to experience negative emotions may induce a stronger craving response and increase the likelihood of a first drink and a subsequent loss of control.
cravings 被认为在酒精使用障碍中起着重要作用。最近将“ cravings ”作为正式的诊断症状纳入其中，这就需要进一步研究这种具有多个维度的主观现象。鉴于酒精依赖患者用酒精来补偿负面的身体/情绪状态，本研究旨在调查酒精渴望及其与饮酒量和情感人格维度的关系。从临床环境中收集了 135 名酒精依赖患者（104 名男性和 31 名女性）的样本。受试者自我评估他们的渴望（Penn 酒精渴望量表）和改变阶段。还进行了几种人格量表的测试。渴望与饮酒状况、禁欲时间、年龄和采取措施有关。在控制这些条件后，发现与低自我概念、神经质、循环情感气质、抑郁和敌意相关的心理特征是清醒的酒精依赖患者渴望的预测因素。我们的结果支持渴望是酒精依赖现象学的一个组成部分，并强调在没有共病精神疾病的情况下，清醒的酒精依赖患者中不愉快的感觉是渴望的预测因素。体验负面情绪的倾向可能会引起更强烈的渴望反应，并增加第一次饮酒和随后失去控制的可能性。
