Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, Postbus 7003 35, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
Eur J Nutr. 2017 Sep;56(6):2093-2103. doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1247-4. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
Although lower levels of vitamin D have been related to poor cognitive functioning and dementia in older adults, evidence from longitudinal investigations is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D] levels are associated with specified measures of cognitive decline in ageing men.
The European Male Ageing Study (EMAS) followed 3369 men aged 40-79 over 4.4 years. 25(OH)D levels at baseline were measured by radioimmunoassay, and 1,25(OH)D levels were obtained with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Visuoconstructional abilities, visual memory, and processing speed at baseline and follow-up were assessed using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF), Camden Topographical Recognition Memory (CTRM), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).
Following attritions, a total of 2430 men with a mean (SD) age of 59.0 (10.6) were included in the analyses. At baseline, the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 64.6 (31.5) nmol/l, and mean 1,25(OH)D level was 59.6 (16.6) pmol/l. In age-adjusted linear regression models, high 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a smaller decline in the DSST (β = 0.007, p = 0.020). Men with low 25(OH)D levels (<50 nmol/l) showed a greater decline in the CTRM compared to men with higher (≥75 nmol/l) levels (β = -0.41, p = 0.035). However, these associations disappeared after adjusting for confounders such as depressive symptoms, BMI, and comorbidities. There was no indication of a relationship between 1,25(OH)D and decline in cognitive subdomains.
We found no evidence for an independent association between 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)D levels and visuoconstructional abilities, visual memory, or processing speed over on average 4.4 years in this sample of middle-aged and elderly European men.
尽管维生素 D 水平较低与老年人认知功能障碍和痴呆有关，但来自纵向研究的证据并不一致。本研究的目的是确定 25-羟维生素 D [25(OH)D]和 1,25-二羟维生素 D [1,25(OH)D]水平是否与衰老男性特定的认知衰退指标相关。
欧洲男性衰老研究 (EMAS) 在 4.4 年内对 3369 名年龄在 40-79 岁的男性进行了随访。基线时通过放射免疫分析法测量 25(OH)D 水平，并用液相色谱-串联质谱法获得 1,25(OH)D 水平。使用 Rey-Osterrieth 复杂图形测试 (ROCF)、Camden 拓扑识别记忆测试 (CTRM) 和数字符号替代测试 (DSST) 评估基线和随访时的视空间构建能力、视觉记忆和处理速度。
在随访期间的流失后，共有 2430 名平均年龄 (标准差) 为 59.0(10.6) 岁的男性纳入分析。基线时，25(OH)D 浓度的平均值为 64.6(31.5)nmol/L，1,25(OH)D 水平的平均值为 59.6(16.6)pmol/L。在年龄调整的线性回归模型中，高 25(OH)D 浓度与 DSST 下降幅度较小相关 (β=0.007，p=0.020)。与 25(OH)D 水平较高 (>75 nmol/L)的男性相比，25(OH)D 水平较低(<50 nmol/L)的男性 CTRM 下降幅度更大 (β=-0.41，p=0.035)。然而，这些关联在调整抑郁症状、BMI 和合并症等混杂因素后消失。没有迹象表明 1,25(OH)D 与认知子领域的下降之间存在关系。
在这项来自中年和老年欧洲男性的样本中，我们未发现 25(OH)D 或 1,25(OH)D 水平与视空间构建能力、视觉记忆或处理速度之间存在独立关联的证据，平均随访时间为 4.4 年。
