State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Environmental Protection Academy of Science, Harbin 150056, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2016 Jul;45:215-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.007. Epub 2016 Feb 15.
Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was performed for a total of 18 water samples taken from three water sources (two lakes and one wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) secondary effluent), with the purpose of identifying the major ultrafiltration (UF) membrane foulants in different water sources. Three fluorescent components (C1, C2 and C3) were identified, which represented terrestrially derived humic-like substances (C1), microbially derived humic-like substances (C2), and protein-like substances (C3). The correlations between the different fluorescent components and UF membrane fouling were analyzed. It was shown that for the WWTP secondary effluent, all three components (C1, C2 and C3) made a considerable contribution to the irreversible and total fouling of the UF membrane. However, for the two lakes, only the C3 exhibited a strong correlation with membrane fouling, indicating that the protein-like substances were the major membrane foulants in the lake waters. Significant attachment of C1, C2 and C3 to the UF membrane was also confirmed by mass balance analyses for the WWTP secondary effluent; while the attachment of C1 and C2 was shown to be negligible for the two lakes. The results may provide basic formation for developing suitable fouling control strategies for sustainable UF processes.
采用三维荧光激发-发射矩阵（EEM）结合平行因子分析（PARAFAC）对取自三个水源（两个湖泊和一个污水处理厂二级出水）的 18 个水样进行分析，目的是确定不同水源中超滤（UF）膜的主要污染物。鉴定出三种荧光组分（C1、C2 和 C3），分别代表陆源腐殖质类物质（C1）、微生物源腐殖质类物质（C2）和蛋白类物质（C3）。分析了不同荧光组分与 UF 膜污染之间的相关性。结果表明，对于污水处理厂二级出水，所有三种组分（C1、C2 和 C3）对 UF 膜的不可逆和总污染都有很大的贡献。然而，对于两个湖泊，只有 C3 与膜污染有很强的相关性，表明蛋白类物质是湖水中的主要膜污染物。通过对污水处理厂二级出水的质量平衡分析，也证实了 C1、C2 和 C3 显著附着在 UF 膜上；而对于两个湖泊，C1 和 C2 的附着可以忽略不计。该结果可为开发可持续 UF 工艺的合适污染控制策略提供基础。
