School of Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Building 1, 270 Ferntree Gully road, Notting Hill, Victoria 3165, Australia; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, 3220, Australia.
School of Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Building 1, 270 Ferntree Gully road, Notting Hill, Victoria 3165, Australia; International Institute for Primary Health Care Research, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Aug;48:7-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.06.004. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence relating to pre-treatment predictors of gambling outcomes following psychological treatment for disordered gambling across multiple time-points (i.e., post-treatment, short-term, medium-term, and long-term). A systematic search from 1990 to 2016 identified 50 articles, from which 11 socio-demographic, 16 gambling-related, 21 psychological/psychosocial, 12 treatment, and no therapist-related variables, were identified. Male gender and low depression levels were the most consistent predictors of successful treatment outcomes across multiple time-points. Likely predictors of successful treatment outcomes also included older age, lower gambling symptom severity, lower levels of gambling behaviours and alcohol use, and higher treatment session attendance. Significant associations, at a minimum of one time-point, were identified between successful treatment outcomes and being employed, ethnicity, no gambling debt, personality traits and being in the action stage of change. Mixed results were identified for treatment goal, while education, income, preferred gambling activity, problem gambling duration, anxiety, any psychiatric comorbidity, psychological distress, substance use, prior gambling treatment and medication use were not significantly associated with treatment outcomes at any time-point. Further research involving consistent treatment outcome frameworks, examination of treatment and therapist predictor variables, and evaluation of predictors across long-term follow-ups is warranted to advance this developing field of research.
本系统评价旨在综合关于赌博障碍心理治疗后多个时间点（即治疗后、短期、中期和长期）赌博结果的预测因素的证据。从 1990 年到 2016 年进行了系统搜索，确定了 50 篇文章，其中确定了 11 项社会人口统计学、16 项赌博相关、21 项心理/社会心理学、12 项治疗和 0 项治疗师相关变量。男性性别和低抑郁水平是多个时间点治疗成功的最一致预测因素。可能的成功治疗结果预测因素还包括年龄较大、赌博症状严重程度较低、赌博行为和饮酒水平较低以及治疗次数较高。在至少一个时间点，成功治疗结果与就业、种族、无赌博债务、人格特质和处于行动改变阶段之间存在显著关联。在治疗目标方面，结果存在差异，而教育程度、收入、偏好的赌博活动、赌博问题持续时间、焦虑、任何精神共病、心理困扰、物质使用、之前的赌博治疗和药物使用在任何时间点均与治疗结果无显著关联。为了推进这一不断发展的研究领域，需要进一步开展涉及一致的治疗结果框架、治疗和治疗师预测因素检查以及长期随访预测因素评估的研究。
