Adapting milieu approaches to acute inpatient care for schizophrenic patients.

Classic therapeutic community or milieu therapy techniques are not applicable in many contemporary acute-treatment settings, which emphasize crisis intervention, short stays, psychotropic medication, and cost containment. However, milieu techniques can be integrated with an understanding of biological and psychosocial factors to provide a framework for the acute, short-term treatment of schizophrenic patients. After reviewing recent biological and psychosocial research, the authors outline three principles for incorporating such research with milieu techniques: creating a holding environment, developing a graduated therapeutic program, and focusing on common patient needs. Application of these principles in a short-stay setting will provide an intensely supportive treatment environment that allows the use of many different therapies and modulates stresses on staff.