Aprioku Jonah S, Ugwu Theresa C
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 1;27(6):577-584. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0153.
Smoking is a serious public health problem and an important risk factor of many diseases. The present study evaluated whether or not the influence of prolonged tobacco smoke (TS) exposure on spermatic indices and reproductive hormones would be reversible in young and adult rats.
Prepubertal and adult rats were grouped into five (I, II, III, IV, and V) separately (n=5/group) and exposed to TS at target concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg nicotine/day, respectively for 30 days using the whole body exposure inhalation method. Groups I, II, and III were sacrificed 24 h after TS exposure, while groups IV and V were allowed to recover for 30 days before they were sacrificed.
Sperm count and motility were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in exposed prepubertal and adult rats. Additionally, sperm morphology was unaltered, testosterone was reduced, while luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were elevated compared to the non-TS exposed control group. The reductions in sperm count and motility were reversed only in adult recovery rats. LH and FSH elevations were reversed in all recovery animals, but testosterone concentrations remained lower than control. Furthermore, malondialdehyde levels in testes of exposed rats were significantly increased. This was reversed only in adult recovery rats that received 0.5 mg nicotine. Testicular levels of catalase, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were unaltered, except in prepubertal rats wherein catalase was decreased in both treated and recovery groups.
The TS exposure alters sperm characteristics reversibly in adult, but irreversibly in prepubertal rats, which is attributable to elevation of oxidative stress.
吸烟是一个严重的公共卫生问题，也是许多疾病的重要危险因素。本研究评估了长期接触烟草烟雾（TS）对幼年和成年大鼠精子指标及生殖激素的影响是否可逆。
将青春期前和成年大鼠分别分为五组（I、II、III、IV和V组）（每组n = 5），采用全身暴露吸入法，分别以0、0.5、1.0、0.5和1.0 mg尼古丁/天的目标浓度暴露于TS中30天。I、II和III组在TS暴露后24小时处死，而IV和V组在处死前允许恢复30天。
暴露的青春期前和成年大鼠的精子数量和活力显著降低（p<0.05）。此外，与未暴露于TS的对照组相比，精子形态未改变，睾酮降低，而黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）升高。精子数量和活力的降低仅在成年恢复大鼠中得到逆转。所有恢复动物的LH和FSH升高均得到逆转，但睾酮浓度仍低于对照组。此外，暴露大鼠睾丸中的丙二醛水平显著升高。这仅在接受0.5 mg尼古丁的成年恢复大鼠中得到逆转。除青春期前大鼠外，睾丸中的过氧化氢酶、还原型谷胱甘肽和超氧化物歧化酶水平未改变，在青春期前大鼠中，处理组和恢复组的过氧化氢酶均降低。
TS暴露在成年大鼠中可逆地改变精子特征，但在青春期前大鼠中不可逆，这归因于氧化应激的升高。
