尼日利亚在抗击疟疾的战斗中取得胜利了吗？卡诺州豪萨族社区的流行情况、风险因素及知识、态度和行为评估。
Is Nigeria winning the battle against malaria? Prevalence, risk factors and KAP assessment among Hausa communities in Kano State.
作者信息
Dawaki Salwa, Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M, Ithoi Init, Ibrahim Jamaiah, Atroosh Wahib M, Abdulsalam Awatif M, Sady Hany, Elyana Fatin Nur, Adamu Ado U, Yelwa Saadatu I, Ahmed Abdulhamid, Al-Areeqi Mona A, Subramaniam Lahvanya R, Nasr Nabil A, Lau Yee-Ling
机构信息
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
School of Health Technology, Club Road, Nassarawa, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.
出版信息
Malar J. 2016 Jul 8;15:351. doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1394-3.
BACKGROUND
Malaria is one of the most severe global public health problems worldwide, particularly in Africa, where Nigeria has the greatest number of malaria cases. This community-based study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding malaria among rural Hausa communities in Kano State, Nigeria.
METHODS
A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted on 551 participants from five local government areas in Kano State. Blood samples were collected and examined for the presence of Plasmodium species by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films, and PCR. Moreover, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental information as well as KAP data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire.
RESULTS
A total of 334 (60.6 %) participants were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum. The prevalence differed significantly by age group (p < 0.01), but not by gender or location. A multivariate analysis showed that malaria was associated significantly with being aged 12 years or older, having a low household family income, not using insecticide treated nets (ITNs), and having no toilets in the house. Overall, 95.6 % of the respondents had prior knowledge about malaria, and 79.7, 87.6 and 95.7 % of them knew about the transmission, symptoms, and prevention of malaria, respectively. The majority (93.4 %) of the respondents considered malaria a serious disease. Although 79.5 % of the respondents had at least one ITN in their household, utilization rate of ITNs was 49.5 %. Significant associations between the respondents' knowledge concerning malaria and their age, gender, education, and household monthly income were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Malaria is still highly prevalent among rural Hausa communities in Nigeria. Despite high levels of knowledge and attitudes in the study area, significant gaps persist in appropriate preventive practices, particularly the use of ITNs. Innovative and Integrated control measures to reduce the burden of malaria should be identified and implemented in these communities. Community mobilization and health education regarding the importance of using ITNs to prevent malaria and save lives should be considered.
背景
疟疾是全球最严重的公共卫生问题之一，在非洲尤其如此，尼日利亚的疟疾病例数最多。这项基于社区的研究旨在调查疟疾的患病率和危险因素，并评估尼日利亚卡诺州农村豪萨族社区对疟疾的知识、态度和实践（KAP）。
方法
对来自卡诺州五个地方政府地区的551名参与者进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采集血样，通过快速诊断测试（RDT）、吉姆萨染色薄血膜和厚血膜以及聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测疟原虫种类。此外，使用预先测试的问卷收集人口统计学、社会经济和环境信息以及KAP数据。
结果
共有334名（60.6%）参与者被检测出恶性疟原虫呈阳性。患病率在不同年龄组之间存在显著差异（p < 0.01），但在性别或地点方面没有差异。多变量分析表明，疟疾与12岁及以上年龄、家庭收入低、未使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）以及家中没有厕所显著相关。总体而言，95.6%的受访者此前了解疟疾，其中79.7%、87.6%和95.7%的人分别了解疟疾的传播、症状和预防。大多数（93.4%）受访者认为疟疾是一种严重疾病。尽管79.5%的受访者家中至少有一顶ITN，但ITN的使用率为49.5%。报告显示，受访者对疟疾的知识与他们的年龄、性别、教育程度和家庭月收入之间存在显著关联。
结论
疟疾在尼日利亚农村豪萨族社区中仍然高度流行。尽管研究地区的知识水平和态度较高，但在适当的预防措施方面仍存在显著差距，特别是ITN的使用。应在这些社区确定并实施创新和综合的控制措施，以减轻疟疾负担。应考虑开展社区动员和健康教育，宣传使用ITN预防疟疾和拯救生命的重要性。
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