Cossio-Bolaños Marco, Vasquez Pablo, Luarte-Rocha Cristian, Sulla-Torres José, Gómez Campos Rossana
Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
Facultad de Educación Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
Arch Argent Pediatr. 2016 Aug 1;114(4):319-28. doi: 10.5546/aap.2016.eng.319. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
Physical fitness may be assessed among children and adolescents in a quantitative and qualitative manner. At present, in Chile, there are no tools available to assess self-perception of physical fitness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument that would allow to assess selfperception of physical fitness among adolescents and propose standards for age and sex.
A survey was administered among adolescent students from six public schools in the Maule Region, Chile, selected in a probabilistic (stratified) fashion. To measure self-perception of physical fitness, a qualitative instrument was developed: the Self-Perception of Physical Fitness Scale (EAPAF, escala de autopercepcion de la aptitud fisica), which is made up of four dimensions and 18 questions. The LMS method (L: Box-Cox coefficient, M: median curve, and S: variation coefficient) was used to establish percentiles and propose references by dimension, age and sex.
A total of 3060 adolescents (1702 boys and 1358 girls) aged 11.0 to 18.9 years old were included. The factor analysis evidenced four factors. Saturation values were above 0.40. The percentage of instrument explanation reached 54.24%. In terms of reliability, the 18 questions reflected that Cronbach's alpha was between 0.82 and 0.85. Percentiles (p15, p50 and p85) were developed to classify self-perception of physical fitness by dimension, age and sex. Boys showed higher scores in the self-perception of physical fitness scale when compared to girls (p 〈 0.001).
The instrument developed in this study was valid and reliable. In addition, the standards proposed may become a useful tool to classify adolescents in relation to their selfperception of physical fitness.
可以以定量和定性的方式对儿童和青少年的身体素质进行评估。目前，智利没有可用于评估身体素质自我认知的工具。因此，本研究的目的是开发一种有效且可靠的工具，以评估青少年的身体素质自我认知，并提出年龄和性别的标准。
对智利马乌莱地区六所公立学校的青少年学生进行了一项概率（分层）抽样调查。为了测量身体素质的自我认知，开发了一种定性工具：身体素质自我认知量表（EAPAF，escala de autopercepción de la aptitud física），该量表由四个维度和18个问题组成。采用LMS方法（L：Box-Cox系数，M：中位数曲线，S：变异系数）来确定百分位数，并按维度、年龄和性别提出参考标准。
共纳入3060名年龄在11.0至18.9岁之间的青少年（1702名男孩和1358名女孩）。因子分析证实了四个因子。饱和度值高于0.40。量表解释率达到54.24%。在信度方面，18个问题表明Cronbach's alpha在0.82至0.85之间。制定了百分位数（p15、p50和p85），以按维度、年龄和性别对身体素质自我认知进行分类。与女孩相比，男孩在身体素质自我认知量表上的得分更高（p 〈 0.001）。
本研究开发的工具有效且可靠。此外，提出的标准可能成为一种有用的工具，用于根据青少年的身体素质自我认知对其进行分类。
