Muros José Joaquín, Cofre-Bolados Cristian, Arriscado Daniel, Zurita Félix, Knox Emily
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile; Department of Kinesiology, Saint Tomas University, Santiago, Chile.
Nutrition. 2017 Mar;35:87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.11.002. Epub 2016 Nov 22.
The aim of this study was to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) within a population of children from Santiago, Chile. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between MD adherence, body composition, physical fitness, self-esteem, and other lifestyle factors.
A cross-sectional study of a sample of children (N = 515; 10.6 ± 0.5 y) was conducted. Weight, body mass index, skinfolds, and waist circumference were measured. Physical fitness was determined using aspects of the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity health fitness test battery for children. Adherence to the MD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents questionnaire. Self-esteem was evaluated using the Rosenberg scale and the Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire measured self-concept. Participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and also were asked to report the number of hours per day they spent watching various screen-based devices.
All findings were significant at the level P < 0.001. Adherence to an MD was consistently and negatively associated with percentage body fat (r = -0.302) and subscapular skinfold thickness (r = -0.329). Positive associations were found with PAQ-C (r = 0.277), self-esteem (r = 0.301) and self-concept (r = 0.234), and for physical fitness, especially for explosive power of the legs (r = 0.355). Positive correlations with handgrip strength were found in boys (r = 0.323), whereas negative correlations with screen time were found in girls (r = -0.511).
Given its relation to a healthier body composition, physical fitness, healthier lifestyle behaviors, and mental wellness, the MD should be promoted amongst youngsters.
本研究旨在评估智利圣地亚哥儿童群体对地中海饮食（MD）的依从性。次要目的是研究MD依从性与身体成分、体能、自尊及其他生活方式因素之间的关系。
对一组儿童（N = 515；10.6±0.5岁）进行了横断面研究。测量了体重、体重指数、皮褶厚度和腰围。使用儿童身体活动健康体能测试组的相关方面来确定体能。使用儿童和青少年地中海饮食质量指数问卷评估对MD的依从性。使用罗森伯格量表评估自尊，并使用五因素自我概念问卷测量自我概念。参与者完成了大龄儿童身体活动问卷，并被要求报告他们每天花在各种基于屏幕的设备上的小时数。
所有结果在P < 0.001水平上均具有显著性。对MD的依从性与体脂百分比（r = -0.302）和肩胛下皮褶厚度（r = -0.329）始终呈负相关。与儿童身体活动问卷（PAQ-C）（r = 0.277）、自尊（r = 0.301）和自我概念（r = 0.234）呈正相关，对于体能，尤其是腿部爆发力（r = 0.355）呈正相关。在男孩中发现与握力呈正相关（r = 0.323），而在女孩中发现与屏幕时间呈负相关（r = -0.511）。
鉴于MD与更健康的身体成分、体能、更健康的生活方式行为和心理健康之间的关系，应在青少年中推广MD。
