Arola Riikka, Antila Henna, Riipinen Pirkko, Hakko Helinä, Riala Kaisa, Kantojärvi Liisa
University of Oulu, Research Unit of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. BOX 5000, FIN 90014 OYS, Finland.
University of Oulu, Research Unit of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. BOX 5000, FIN 90014 OYS, Finland.
Forensic Sci Int. 2016 Sep;266:389-395. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.06.028. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
Various psychiatric problems in adolescence and early adulthood have been shown to associate with criminal behaviour. In this study the association of personality disorders (PDs) with criminal behaviour was examined in adolescents treated in psychiatric hospitals. The study sample consisted of 508 adolescents (age 13-17) admitted to acute psychiatric impatient care between April 2001 and March 2006. Crime data was obtained from the Finnish Legal Register Centre on September 2013. The Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) was used to assess psychiatric diagnoses in adolescence. The information on PDs in early adulthood was based on follow-up information on psychiatric treatments in either out- or inpatient settings until the end of 2012, and was extracted from the National Care Register for Health Care provided by the Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare. A total of 22 (39%) of the 57 subjects with PD had committed a crime. In women, the likelihood for violent criminality was significantly increased in those with Borderline PD (OR 6.09, CI 1.24-29.84, p=0.009) and was also associated with conduct disorder (OR 4.26, CI 1.38-13.19, p=0.012), child welfare placement (OR 11.82, CI 3.61-38.76, p<0.001) and parent's substance use disorder (OR 7.74, CI 2.30-26.10, p=0.001). In men, no association was observed between PD and any kind of criminal behaviour. Significant predictors for violent criminality in males were conduct disorder (OR 4.05, CI 1.75-9.38, p=0.001), substance use disorder (OR 2.51, CI 1.22-5.17, p=0.012) and special services at school (OR 2.58, CI 1.16-5.76, p=0.021). Females with Borderline PD showed an increased risk for violent offending. This suggests Borderline PD as a potential explanatory factor for violent assaults by females and highlights the importance of recognizing the risk for violence in young women with a Borderline PD.
青春期和成年早期的各种精神问题已被证明与犯罪行为有关。在本研究中，对在精神病院接受治疗的青少年中人格障碍（PDs）与犯罪行为之间的关联进行了研究。研究样本包括2001年4月至2006年3月期间入住急性精神科短期护理病房的508名青少年（年龄在13 - 17岁之间）。犯罪数据于2013年9月从芬兰法律登记中心获取。使用学龄儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症现患与终生版量表（K - SADS - PL）来评估青少年期的精神疾病诊断。成年早期人格障碍的信息基于截至2012年底在门诊或住院环境中接受精神治疗的随访信息，并从芬兰国家健康与福利研究所提供的国家医疗保健登记册中提取。患有PD的57名受试者中共有22名（39%）实施了犯罪行为。在女性中，边缘型人格障碍患者实施暴力犯罪的可能性显著增加（比值比6.09，可信区间1.24 - 29.84，p = 0.009），并且还与品行障碍（比值比4.26，可信区间1.38 - 13.19，p = 0.012）、儿童福利安置（比值比11.82，可信区间3.61 - 38.76，p < 0.001）以及父母的物质使用障碍（比值比7.74，可信区间2.30 - 26.10，p = 0.001）有关。在男性中，未观察到人格障碍与任何类型犯罪行为之间的关联。男性暴力犯罪的显著预测因素是品行障碍（比值比4.05，可信区间1.75 - 9.38，p = 0.001）、物质使用障碍（比值比2.51，可信区间1.22 - 5.17，p = 0.012）以及学校特殊服务（比值比2.58，可信区间1.16 - 5.76，p = 0.021）。患有边缘型人格障碍的女性暴力犯罪风险增加。这表明边缘型人格障碍是女性暴力攻击行为的一个潜在解释因素，并凸显了识别患有边缘型人格障碍的年轻女性暴力风险的重要性。
