Rao R S P, Salvato F, Thal B, Eubel H, Thelen J J, Møller I M
Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Division, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, India.
Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas CEP: 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mitochondrion. 2017 Mar;33:22-37. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.002. Epub 2016 Jul 9.
Plant mitochondria perform a wide range of functions in the plant cell ranging from providing energy and metabolic intermediates, via coenzyme biosynthesis and their own biogenesis to retrograde signaling and programmed cell death. To perform these functions, they contain a proteome of >2000 different proteins expressed in some cells under some conditions. The vast majority of these proteins are imported, in many cases by a dedicated protein import machinery. Recent proteomic studies have identified about 1000 different proteins in both Arabidopsis and potato mitochondria, but even for energy-related proteins, the most well-studied functional protein group in mitochondria, <75% of the proteins are recognized as mitochondrial by even one of six of the most widely used prediction algorithms. The mitochondrial proteomes contain proteins representing a wide range of different functions. Some protein groups, like energy-related proteins, membrane transporters, and de novo fatty acid synthesis, appear to be well covered by the proteome, while others like RNA metabolism appear to be poorly covered possibly because of low abundance. The proteomic studies have improved our understanding of basic mitochondrial functions, have led to the discovery of new mitochondrial metabolic pathways and are helping us towards appreciating the dynamic role of the mitochondria in the responses of the plant cell to biotic and abiotic stress.
植物线粒体在植物细胞中执行多种功能，从提供能量和代谢中间体，到辅酶生物合成、自身生物发生，再到逆行信号传导和程序性细胞死亡。为了执行这些功能，它们含有一个蛋白质组，在某些条件下某些细胞中表达的不同蛋白质超过2000种。这些蛋白质中的绝大多数是通过专门的蛋白质导入机制导入的。最近的蛋白质组学研究已经在拟南芥和马铃薯线粒体中鉴定出约1000种不同的蛋白质，但即使是线粒体中研究最充分的功能蛋白质组——能量相关蛋白质，在六种最广泛使用的预测算法中，也只有不到75%的蛋白质被其中一种算法识别为线粒体蛋白。线粒体蛋白质组包含代表多种不同功能的蛋白质。一些蛋白质组，如能量相关蛋白质、膜转运蛋白和从头脂肪酸合成蛋白，似乎在蛋白质组中得到了很好的覆盖，而其他蛋白质组，如RNA代谢蛋白，由于丰度低，似乎覆盖不足。蛋白质组学研究增进了我们对线粒体基本功能的理解，导致了新的线粒体代谢途径的发现，并帮助我们认识线粒体在植物细胞对生物和非生物胁迫反应中的动态作用。
