School of Applied Psychology and Australian Institute for Suicide Prevention and Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4121, Australia.
Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Behav Res Ther. 2016 Nov;86:50-67. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.007. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
The current paper presents an update to the model of social anxiety disorder (social phobia) published by Rapee and Spence (2004). It evaluates the research over the intervening 11 years and advances the original model in response to the empirical evidence. We review the recent literature regarding the impact of genetic and biological influences, temperament, cognitive factors, peer relationships, parenting, adverse life events and cultural variables upon the development of SAD. The paper draws together recent literature demonstrating the complex interplay between these variables, and highlights the many etiological pathways. While acknowledging the considerable progress in the empirical literature, the significant gaps in knowledge are noted, particularly the need for further longitudinal research to clarify causal pathways, and moderating and mediating effects. The resulting model will be valuable in informing the design of more effective treatment and preventive interventions for SAD and will provide a useful platform to guide future research directions.
本文对 Rapee 和 Spence（2004 年）发表的社交焦虑障碍（社交恐惧症）模型进行了更新。它评估了过去 11 年的研究，并根据实证证据对原始模型进行了改进。我们回顾了最近关于遗传和生物影响、气质、认知因素、同伴关系、育儿、不良生活事件和文化变量对 SAD 发展影响的文献。本文汇集了最近的文献，展示了这些变量之间的复杂相互作用，并强调了许多病因途径。虽然承认在实证文献方面取得了相当大的进展，但也注意到了知识上的重大差距，特别是需要进一步进行纵向研究，以澄清因果途径，以及调节和中介效应。由此产生的模型将有助于为 SAD 的治疗和预防干预措施的设计提供信息，并为指导未来的研究方向提供一个有用的平台。
