Nielsen T A, Kuiken D L, McGregor D L
Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Sleep. 1989 Jun;12(3):277-86. doi: 10.1093/sleep/12.3.277.
The clinical and research literature suggests that waking dream reflection increases awareness of feelings. To examine this possibility, 16 male and 16 female participants spent a single night in the sleep laboratory while rapid eye movement (REM) sleep physiology and facial electromyogram (EMG) were monitored. Participants in the dream imagery condition were awakened from REM sleep and asked to reflect on their dreams. Participants in the fantasy imagery condition were awakened from REM sleep and asked to reflect on guided fantasies modeled on dream narratives. Participants were asked to reflect either on the affective connotations of their imagery or on the cognitive aspects of their imagery. Unexpectedly, self-reported awareness of feelings was less common during either affective or cognitive reflection on dreams than during such reflection on fantasies, especially for females. Also, kinesthetic sensitivity, as indicated by Rorschach movement responses, was less after dream reflection than after reflection on fantasy imagery, again especially for females. In contrast, facial EMG activity was greater during dream reflection than during fantasy reflection. Since facial EMG during REM sleep and during dream reflection was correlated with self-reported orienting within dream imagery, these results are understandable as evidence for the "carry-over" of REM orienting activity during dream reflection, resulting in reduced affective/kinesthetic sensitivity and reduced awareness of feelings.
临床和研究文献表明，清醒梦反思能增强情感意识。为检验这种可能性，16名男性和16名女性参与者在睡眠实验室度过一晚，期间监测快速眼动（REM）睡眠生理和面部肌电图（EMG）。处于梦境意象条件下的参与者从REM睡眠中被唤醒，并被要求反思他们的梦。处于幻想意象条件下的参与者从REM睡眠中被唤醒，并被要求反思以梦的叙述为蓝本的引导性幻想。参与者被要求反思他们意象的情感内涵或认知方面。出乎意料的是，与对幻想的反思相比，在对梦进行情感或认知反思时，自我报告的情感意识不那么常见，尤其是对女性而言。此外，正如罗夏墨迹测验运动反应所表明的，梦反思后的动觉敏感性低于幻想意象反思后，同样尤其是对女性而言。相比之下，梦反思期间的面部EMG活动比幻想反思期间更大。由于REM睡眠期间和梦反思期间的面部EMG与自我报告的梦境意象中的定向相关，这些结果可以理解为梦反思期间REM定向活动“延续”的证据，导致情感/动觉敏感性降低和情感意识降低。
