Verovnik Rudi, Wiemers Martin
Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjev 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
UFZ - Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
Zookeys. 2016 Jun 22(600):131-54. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.600.7798. eCollection 2016.
The Palaearctic Grayling genus Pseudochazara encompasses a number of petrophilous butterfly species, most of which are local endemics especially in their centre of radiation in SW Asia and the Balkans. Due to a lack of consistent morphological characters, coupled with habitat induced variability, their taxonomy is poorly understood and species delimitation is hampered. We employed a DNA barcoding approach to address the question of separate species status for several European taxa and provide first insight into the phylogeny of the genus. Unexpectedly we found conflicting patterns with deep divergences between presumably conspecific taxa and lack of divergence among well-defined species. We propose separate species status for Pseudochazara tisiphone, Pseudochazara amalthea, Pseudochazara amymone, and Pseudochazara kermana all of which have separate well supported clades, with the majority of them becoming local endemics. Lack of resolution in the 'Mamurra' species group with well-defined species (in terms of wing pattern and coloration) such as Pseudochazara geyeri, Pseudochazara daghestana and Pseudochazara alpina should be further explored using nuclear molecular markers with higher genetic resolution.
古北区的灰蛱蝶属（Pseudochazara）包含一些喜岩性蝴蝶物种，其中大多数是当地特有种，尤其是在它们在西亚西南部和巴尔干半岛的辐射中心。由于缺乏一致的形态特征，再加上栖息地导致的变异性，它们的分类学知之甚少，物种界定也受到阻碍。我们采用DNA条形码方法来解决几个欧洲分类单元的独立物种地位问题，并首次深入了解该属的系统发育。出乎意料的是，我们发现了相互矛盾的模式，即假定的同种分类单元之间存在深度分化，而明确界定的物种之间缺乏分化。我们建议将蒂西丰灰蛱蝶（Pseudochazara tisiphone）、阿玛尔忒亚灰蛱蝶（Pseudochazara amalthea）、阿密摩涅灰蛱蝶（Pseudochazara amymone）和克尔马纳灰蛱蝶（Pseudochazara kermana）都认定为独立物种，它们都有各自得到充分支持的分支，其中大多数成为当地特有种。对于具有明确界定的物种（从翅型和颜色方面来看）的“马穆拉”物种组，如盖氏灰蛱蝶（Pseudochazara geyeri）﹑达吉斯坦灰蛱蝶（Pseudochazara daghestana）和阿尔卑斯灰蛱蝶（Pseudochazara alpina），缺乏分辨率的问题应使用具有更高遗传分辨率的核分子标记进一步探究。
