David S, Napp L C, Kühn C, Hoeper M M
Zentrum Innere Medizin, Klinik für Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland.
Internist (Berl). 2016 Sep;57(9):856-63. doi: 10.1007/s00108-016-0102-2.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a special form of a miniaturized heart-lung machine with the ultimate goal to stabilize critically ill patients. Dependent on the cannulation strategy ECMO can support or replace heart and/or lung function. Medical indications and contraindications have to be evaluated thoroughly before cannulation. Moreover, before ECMO initiation a solid treatment aim has to be defined: bridge to recovery, bridge to decision, bridge to transplantation, and bridge to destination (i. e. implantation of a permanent assist device). Regarding invasiveness of the system, potential life-threatening complications, requirement of standardized monitoring of the patient and the device as well as tertiary care infrastructure, ECMO should exclusively be used in highly experienced tertiary centers.
体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）是一种小型化心肺机的特殊形式，其最终目标是稳定重症患者的病情。根据插管策略，ECMO可以支持或替代心脏和/或肺功能。在插管前必须全面评估医学适应症和禁忌症。此外，在启动ECMO之前，必须明确一个明确的治疗目标：过渡到康复、过渡到决策、过渡到移植以及过渡到终点（即植入永久性辅助装置）。鉴于该系统的侵入性、潜在的危及生命的并发症、对患者和设备进行标准化监测的要求以及三级护理基础设施，ECMO应仅在经验丰富的三级中心使用。
