Cheong Ai Theng, Khoo Ee Ming, Tong Seng Fah, Liew Su May
Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Primary Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2016 Jul 14;11(7):e0159438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159438. eCollection 2016.
More than half of the general population does not attend screening for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) hence they are unaware of their risks. The objective of this study was to explore the views and experiences of the public in deciding to undergo health checks for CVD prevention.
This was a qualitative study utilising the constructivist grounded theory approach. A total of 31 individuals aged 30 years and above from the community were sampled purposively. Eight interviews and six focus groups were involved, using a semi-structured topic guide.
A conceptual framework was developed to explain the public's decision-making process on health check participation for CVD prevention. The intention to participate in health checks was influenced by the interplay between perceived relevance and the individual's readiness to face the outcome of health checks. Health checks were deemed relevant if people perceived themselves to be at risk of CVD and there was an advantage in knowing their cardiovascular status. People were ready to face the outcome of health checks if they wanted to know the results and were prepared to deal with the subsequent management. The decision to participate in health checks was also influenced by external factors such as the views of significant others, and the accessibility and availability of resources including time and finances.
The intention to screen for CVD is motivated by two internal factors: the perceived relevance of the disease and readiness to face screening outcomes. Strategies targeting the internal decision-making process may prove to be key in improving the uptake of screening.
超过半数的普通人群未参加心血管疾病（CVD）筛查，因此他们对自身风险并不知晓。本研究的目的是探讨公众在决定进行预防心血管疾病的健康检查时的观点和经历。
这是一项采用建构主义扎根理论方法的定性研究。从社区中 purposively 抽取了31名30岁及以上的个体。使用半结构化主题指南进行了8次访谈和6次焦点小组讨论。
构建了一个概念框架来解释公众参与预防心血管疾病健康检查的决策过程。参与健康检查的意愿受到感知相关性与个体面对健康检查结果的准备程度之间相互作用的影响。如果人们认为自己有患心血管疾病的风险，并且了解自己的心血管状况有好处，那么健康检查就被认为是相关的。如果人们想知道结果并准备好应对后续管理，他们就准备好面对健康检查的结果。参与健康检查的决定还受到外部因素的影响，如重要他人的观点，以及包括时间和资金在内的资源的可及性和可用性。
进行心血管疾病筛查的意愿受两个内部因素驱动：对疾病的感知相关性和面对筛查结果的准备程度。针对内部决策过程的策略可能是提高筛查接受率的关键。
