Phys Sportsmed. 1989 Dec;17(12):90-102. doi: 10.1080/00913847.1989.11709932.
In brief: Using several hematologic indexes, researchers examined the iron status of 50 ultraendurance athletes participating in the 1988 Ironman Triathlon in Hawaii. Fifteen (30%) of the 50 triathletes had at least one suboptimal iron index: Two exhibited stage 2 iron deficiency in the presence of normal hemoglobin levels; eight had normal ferritin levels but subnormal levels of transferrin saturation and iron; three had abnormal levels of total iron-binding capacity; and two had low hemoglobin levels with all other iron indices normal, which indicated dilutional anemia. These data suggest that several indexes need to be examined when assessing the iron status of triathletes and that unusual values do not necessarily reflect actual iron deficiency.
研究人员使用了几种血液学指标，对参加 1988 年在夏威夷举行的铁人三项赛的 50 名超长耐力运动员的铁状况进行了检查。50 名运动员中有 15 名（30%）至少有一个铁指标不理想：2 人在血红蛋白水平正常的情况下出现 2 期缺铁；8 人铁蛋白水平正常，但转铁蛋白饱和度和铁水平低；3 人总铁结合能力异常；2 人血红蛋白水平低，其他铁指标正常，表明为稀释性贫血。这些数据表明，在评估铁人三项运动员的铁状况时需要检查几个指标，异常值不一定反映实际缺铁。
