Lo W T, Wong D P, Yick K L, Ng S P, Yip J
Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
Human Performance Laboratory, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hung Hom, Hong Kong ; Sports Therapy Centre, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
J Foot Ankle Res. 2016 Jul 13;9:22. doi: 10.1186/s13047-016-0154-5. eCollection 2016.
Turning during locomotion involves considerable changes of the body's center of mass and reduced stability, as well as lower limb kinematics and kinetics. However, many previous studies have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and applications of orthotic insoles as well as different types of orthotic materials in various clinical symptoms, which are focused primarily on straight line walking. Hence, the influence of custom-made insoles with the use of advanced three-dimensional spacer fabrics on biomechanics parameters in terms of plantar pressure distribution and lower limb electromyography during turning movement was studied.
Twelve subjects performed 180-degree turning at a speed 3.07-3.74 km/h for five successful trials under 3 insoles conditions: wearing traditional ethylene vinyl acetate insoles and two different spacer-fabricated insoles, with the plantar pressure and lower limb muscle activity collected simultaneously. Turning movement was broken down into 3 phases for analysis: Turning initiation, turn around and turn termination.
There was a statistically significance difference in plantar pressure between the traditional insoles and the insoles made of a spacer fabric as the top layer (p < 0.05). Compared to the traditional insoles, insoles made of a spacer fabric reduced the peak pressure (>12 %) and pressure-time integral (>13 %) in toes, metatarsal head 1 and metatarsal heads 2-3 at turning initiation; (>15 %) and (>17 %) in medial midfoot and medial heel at turn around. Insoles with spacer fabrics on the top and middle layer reduced both pressure parameters (>18 %) in toes and MTH 1 at turn termination. In terms of muscle activities, insoles with two-layer spacer fabrics could lower maximum muscle activities of vastus lateralis (>16 %; p < 0.05) at turn around.
Insoles with different fabrications could offer various pressure offloading patterns across the plantar and muscle activity changes while turning. Insoles with a spacer fabric on the top tend to reduce plantar pressure loading at different regions during turn initiation and turn around phases, while two-layer spacer-fabricated insoles may contribute to reduced vastus lateralis muscle activation during turn around. More importantly, this study provides a new dimension in the potential use of the textile-fabricated insoles which may widen the range of insole materials selection in the design and development of insoles so as to enhance the effectiveness of orthotic treatment.
运动过程中的转身涉及身体重心的显著变化、稳定性降低，以及下肢的运动学和动力学变化。然而，之前许多研究致力于评估矫形鞋垫以及不同类型的矫形材料在各种临床症状中的有效性和应用，这些研究主要集中在直线行走方面。因此，本研究探讨了使用先进的三维间隔织物定制的鞋垫在转身运动过程中对足底压力分布和下肢肌电图等生物力学参数的影响。
12名受试者在3种鞋垫条件下，以3.07 - 3.74千米/小时的速度进行180度转身，成功完成5次试验：穿着传统乙烯 - 醋酸乙烯酯鞋垫和两种不同的间隔织物制成的鞋垫，同时采集足底压力和下肢肌肉活动数据。转身运动分为3个阶段进行分析：转身起始、转身过程和转身结束。
传统鞋垫与顶层为间隔织物的鞋垫之间的足底压力存在统计学显著差异（p < 0.05）。与传统鞋垫相比，间隔织物制成的鞋垫在转身起始时，可降低脚趾、第一跖骨头和第2 - 3跖骨头处的峰值压力（>12%）和压力 - 时间积分（>13%）；在转身过程中，可降低足内侧中足和内侧足跟处的峰值压力（>15%）和压力 - 时间积分（>17%）。顶层和中层均为间隔织物的鞋垫在转身结束时可降低脚趾和第一跖骨头处的两项压力参数（>18%）。在肌肉活动方面，两层间隔织物制成的鞋垫在转身过程中可降低股外侧肌的最大肌肉活动（>16%；p < 0.05）。
不同构造的鞋垫在转身时可提供不同的足底压力卸载模式以及肌肉活动变化。顶层为间隔织物的鞋垫在转身起始和转身过程阶段倾向于降低不同区域的足底压力负荷，而两层间隔织物制成的鞋垫可能有助于在转身过程中降低股外侧肌的激活。更重要的是，本研究为纺织织物制成的鞋垫的潜在应用提供了新的视角，这可能会拓宽鞋垫设计和开发中鞋垫材料的选择范围，从而提高矫形治疗的效果。
