Brassard Patrick, Godbout Stéphane, Raghavan Vijaya
Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), 2700 Einstein Street, Quebec City, Quebec G1P 3W8, Canada; Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), 2700 Einstein Street, Quebec City, Quebec G1P 3W8, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2016 Oct 1;181:484-497. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.063. Epub 2016 Aug 5.
Biochar, a solid porous material obtained from the carbonization of biomass under low or no oxygen conditions, has been proposed as a climate change mitigation tool because it is expected to sequester carbon (C) for centuries and to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. This review aimed to identify key biochar properties and production parameters that have an effect on these specific applications of the biochar. Moreover, mechanisms involved in interactions between biochar and soils were highlighted. Following a compilation and comparison of the characteristics of 76 biochars from 40 research studies, biochars with a lower N content, and consequently a higher C/N ratio (>30), were found to be more suitable for mitigation of N2O emissions from soils. Moreover, biochars produced at a higher pyrolysis temperature, and with O/C ratio <0.2, H/Corg ratio <0.4 and volatile matter below 80% may have high C sequestration potential. Based on these observations, biochar production and application to the field can be used as a tool to mitigate climate change. However, it is important to determine the pyrolysis conditions and feedstock needed to produce a biochar with the desired properties for a specific application. More research studies are needed to identify the exact mechanisms involved following biochar amendment to soil.
生物炭是一种在低氧或无氧条件下通过生物质碳化获得的固体多孔材料，因其有望将碳封存数百年并减少土壤中的温室气体排放，已被提议作为一种缓解气候变化的工具。本综述旨在确定对生物炭这些特定应用有影响的关键生物炭特性和生产参数。此外，还强调了生物炭与土壤之间相互作用的机制。在对40项研究中的76种生物炭的特性进行汇编和比较后，发现氮含量较低、因此碳氮比更高（>30）的生物炭更适合减少土壤中的一氧化二氮排放。此外，在较高热解温度下生产的生物炭，其氧碳比<0.2、氢有机碳比<0.4且挥发物低于80%，可能具有较高的碳封存潜力。基于这些观察结果，生物炭的生产及其在田间的应用可作为缓解气候变化的一种工具。然而，确定生产具有特定应用所需特性的生物炭所需的热解条件和原料非常重要。需要更多的研究来确定生物炭添加到土壤后所涉及的确切机制。
