Megías Patricia, Macizo Pedro
Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n., 18071, Granada, Spain.
Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain.
Exp Brain Res. 2016 Nov;234(11):3305-3319. doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4728-z. Epub 2016 Jul 16.
This study aimed at exploring the time course of processes underlying the associative confusion effect. We also evaluated the consequences of selecting arithmetic facts to resolve addition problems. We gathered electrophysiological evidence when participants performed a verification task. Simple addition problems were presented in blocks of two trials and participants decided whether they were correct or not. The N400-like component was considered an index of semantic access (i.e., the retrieval of arithmetic facts), and the P200 component was used to determine the difficulty associated with encoding after the answer to an addition problem. When an addition problem was incorrect but the result presented to the participant was that of multiplying the operands (e.g., 2 + 4 = 8), N400-like amplitude was reduced relative to an unrelated condition (e.g., 2 + 4 = 10). This finding suggested that the coactivation of addition and multiplication facts took place. Furthermore, the P200 amplitude was more positive when participants answered to addition problems whose result was that of multiplying the operands of the previous trial (e.g., 2 + 6 = 8). This suggests that irrelevant results were inhibited and it was difficult to encode them later.
本研究旨在探索联想混淆效应背后的过程的时间进程。我们还评估了选择算术事实来解决加法问题的后果。当参与者执行验证任务时，我们收集了电生理证据。简单加法问题以两个试验为一组呈现，参与者判断它们是否正确。类N400成分被视为语义通达（即算术事实的检索）的指标，P200成分用于确定与加法问题答案后的编码相关的难度。当一个加法问题不正确但呈现给参与者的结果是操作数相乘的结果时（例如，2 + 4 = 8），相对于无关条件（例如，2 + 4 = 10），类N400波幅降低。这一发现表明加法和乘法事实发生了共同激活。此外，当参与者回答前一次试验操作数相乘结果的加法问题时（例如，2 + 6 = 8），P200波幅更正。这表明不相关的结果被抑制，随后难以对它们进行编码。
