Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
Trends Biotechnol. 2017 Jan;35(1):55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.06.009. Epub 2016 Jul 13.
Conservation biology needs a bigger toolbox to meet unprecedented challenges. Genomics, fueled by declining sequencing costs, offers novel tools with increased precision for genetic questions previously answered with a few molecular markers, as well as completely new possibilities. Metabarcoding promises quicker, cheaper, and more accurate assessments of biodiversity in groups that are difficult to assess by traditional methods, while sequencing low-quality DNA extends the range of useable materials to include museum specimens, archeological remains, and environmental samples. Genomic and transcriptomic data can be used to assess the potential of populations to adapt to new challenges. In the near future, gene-editing tools may help endangered species cope with change, while gene drives control unwanted species and help wanted ones. De-extinction has become a serious prospect.
保护生物学需要一个更大的工具箱来应对前所未有的挑战。基因组学在测序成本下降的推动下，为以前只能用少数分子标记来回答的遗传问题提供了更精确的新工具，同时也带来了全新的可能性。代谢条形码有望更快、更便宜、更准确地评估传统方法难以评估的群体的生物多样性，而对低质量 DNA 的测序则扩大了可用材料的范围，包括博物馆标本、考古遗迹和环境样本。基因组和转录组数据可用于评估种群适应新挑战的潜力。在不久的将来，基因编辑工具可能有助于濒危物种应对变化，而基因驱动则可以控制不受欢迎的物种并帮助需要的物种。灭绝物种的再引入已经成为一个严肃的课题。
