Rook J L, Green R F, Purgliese G N, Silane M
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, NY 10021.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989 Jul;70(7):559-61.
Patients with peripheral vascular disease and lower extremity amputation frequently undergo arterial bypass surgery to salvage the opposite leg. Compression of axillary-femoral bypass grafts can occur from a variety of causes. The primary physician should monitor graft pulses closely. Compression should be avoided by using forearm crutches instead of axillary crutches. Waist belts for prosthetic support should not be used, and alternatives such as a thigh corset or shoulder suspension should be used. The patient should avoid sleeping on the graft, using a wrist restraint when necessary. If the patient gains weight, garments should be adjusted so as not to be constricting. Upper extremity exercises, particularly in should abduction and extension, should not be so vigorous as to put tension on the graft. A 77-year-old woman with a left below-knee amputation underwent an axillary-femoral bypass for right lower extremity arterial insufficiency which subsequently thrombosed due to compression by the waist belt of her below-knee prosthesis. A series of guidelines are outlined, so that the physiatrist can help maintain graft patency, prolong limb salvage, and avert similar complications in such patients.
患有外周血管疾病和下肢截肢的患者经常接受动脉搭桥手术以挽救对侧肢体。腋-股旁路移植血管受压可能由多种原因引起。主治医生应密切监测移植血管的搏动。应使用前臂拐杖而非腋拐以避免压迫。不应使用用于假肢支撑的腰带,而应使用大腿束腹带或肩部悬吊装置等替代品。患者应避免睡在移植血管上,必要时可使用手腕约束带。如果患者体重增加,应调整衣物以免紧身。上肢运动,尤其是肩部外展和伸展运动,不应过于剧烈以免给移植血管造成张力。一名77岁左膝以下截肢的女性因右下肢动脉供血不足接受了腋-股旁路移植手术,随后其移植血管因膝下假肢的腰带压迫而发生血栓形成。本文概述了一系列指导原则,以便物理治疗师能够帮助此类患者维持移植血管通畅、延长肢体挽救时间并避免类似并发症。