Yang Y-J, Li X-L, Xue Y, Zhang C-X, Wang Y, Hu X, Dai Q
Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jul;20(13):2899-907.
Bone marrow cells (BMC) are progenitors of bone, cartilage, skeletal tissue, the hematopoiesis-supporting stroma and adipocyte cells. BMCs have the potential to differentiate into neural cells, cardiac myocytes, liver hepatocytes, chondrocytes, renal, corneal, blood, and myogenic cells. The bone marrow cell cultures from stromal and mesenchymal cells are called multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). MAPCs can differentiate into mesenchymal cells, visceral mesoderm, neuroectoderm and endoderm in vitro. It has been shown that the stem cells derived from bone marrow cells (BMCs) can regenerate cardiac myocytes after myocardial infarction (MI). Adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to regenerate neural cells. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PC) are ideal for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington disease. However, there are important ethical issues about the therapeutic use of stem cells. Neurons, cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, renal cells, blood cells, chondrocytes and adipocytes regeneration from BMCs are very important in disease control. It is known that limbal epithelial stem cells in the cornea can repair the eye sight and remove symptoms of blindness. Stem cell therapy (SCT) is progressing well in animal models, but the use of SCT in human remains to be explored further.
骨髓细胞（BMC）是骨骼、软骨、骨骼组织、造血支持基质和脂肪细胞的祖细胞。BMC有分化为神经细胞、心肌细胞、肝肝细胞、软骨细胞、肾细胞、角膜细胞、血细胞和成肌细胞的潜力。来自基质和间充质细胞的骨髓细胞培养物被称为多能成人祖细胞（MAPC）。MAPC在体外可分化为间充质细胞、内脏中胚层、神经外胚层和内胚层。研究表明，源自骨髓细胞（BMC）的干细胞在心肌梗死（MI）后可使心肌细胞再生。成人骨髓间充质干细胞有再生神经细胞的能力。神经干细胞/祖细胞（NS/PC）是治疗中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病的理想选择。然而，干细胞治疗用途存在重要的伦理问题。BMC分化产生神经元、心肌细胞、肝细胞、肾细胞、血细胞、软骨细胞和脂肪细胞对疾病控制非常重要。众所周知，角膜缘上皮干细胞可修复视力并消除失明症状。干细胞疗法（SCT）在动物模型中进展良好，但SCT在人体中的应用仍有待进一步探索。
