Rivera-Olmos Víctor Manuel, Parra-Bernal Marisela C
Departamento de Neurología, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, EUA.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2016 Sep-Oct;54(5):626-34.
The consumption of marijuana extracted from Cannabis sativa and indica plants involves an important cultural impact in Mexico. Their psychological stimulatory effect is widely recognized; their biochemical and molecular components interact with CB1 and CB2 (endocannabinoid system) receptors in various central nervous system structures (CNS) and immune cells. The psychoactive element Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can be reproduced synthetically. Systematic reviews show evidence of therapeutic effectiveness of therapeutic marijuana only for certain symptoms of multiple sclerosis (spasticity, spasms and pain), despite attempts for its widespread use, including refractory childhood epilepsy. Evidence indicates significant adverse effects of smoked marijuana on the structure, functioning and brain connectivity. Cannabis exposure during pregnancy affects fetal brain development, potentially leading to later behavioral problems in children. Neuropsychological tests and advanced imaging techniques show involvement in the learning process in adolescents with substance use. Also, marijuana increases the cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Social and ethical consequences to legally free marijuana for recreational use may be deleterious transcendentally. The medicinal or psychoactive cannabinol no addictive effect requires controlled proven efficacy and safety before regulatory approval studies.
从大麻属植物中提取的大麻在墨西哥具有重要的文化影响。其心理刺激作用已得到广泛认可；其生化和分子成分与各种中枢神经系统结构（CNS）和免疫细胞中的CB1和CB2（内源性大麻素系统）受体相互作用。精神活性成分Δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）可以人工合成。系统评价表明，尽管有人试图广泛使用医用大麻，包括用于治疗难治性儿童癫痫，但医用大麻仅对多发性硬化症的某些症状（痉挛、抽搐和疼痛）具有治疗效果。有证据表明，吸食大麻对大脑结构、功能和脑连接性有显著不良影响。孕期接触大麻会影响胎儿大脑发育，可能导致儿童日后出现行为问题。神经心理学测试和先进的成像技术表明，大麻会影响有物质使用问题的青少年的学习过程。此外，大麻会加重多发性硬化症患者的认知障碍。将大麻合法用于娱乐用途所带来的社会和伦理后果可能具有极其有害的影响。药用或具有精神活性的大麻酚无成瘾性，但在监管批准研究之前，需要有经过验证的疗效和安全性的控制。
