Dees Ellen, Baldwin H Scott
Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Pediatric Heart Institute, Thomas P Graham Jr, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016 Oct;28(5):584-9. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000401.
The study of cardiac development is critical to inform management strategies for congenital and acquired heart disease. This review serves to highlight some of the advances in this field over the past year.
Three main areas of study are included that have been particularly innovative and progressive. These include more precise gene targeting in animal models of disease and in moving from animal models to human disease, more precise in-vitro models including three-dimensional structuring and inclusion of hemodynamic components, and expanding the concepts of genetic regulation of heart development and disease.
Targeted genetics in animal models are able to make use of tissue and time-specific promotors that drive gene expression or knockout with high specificity. In-vitro models can recreate flow patterns in blood vessels and across cardiac valves. Noncoding RNAs, once thought to be of no consequence to gene transcription and translation, prove to be key regulators of genetic function in health and disease.
心脏发育研究对于指导先天性和后天性心脏病的管理策略至关重要。本综述旨在突出该领域过去一年的一些进展。
包括三个主要研究领域，这些领域尤其具有创新性和进步性。其中包括在疾病动物模型中以及从动物模型向人类疾病转化过程中更精确的基因靶向；更精确的体外模型，包括三维构建和血流动力学成分的纳入；以及扩展心脏发育和疾病的基因调控概念。
动物模型中的靶向遗传学能够利用组织和时间特异性启动子来驱动基因表达或进行高特异性敲除。体外模型可以重现血管和心脏瓣膜中的血流模式。非编码RNA曾被认为对基因转录和翻译没有影响，现在证明是健康和疾病中基因功能的关键调节因子。
