Anderson Peter L, Reirden Daniel, Castillo-Mancilla Jose
*Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO; †Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO; ‡University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO; and §Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Aug 15;72 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S230-4. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001105.
Studies of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-emtricitabine (FTC)-based preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have not focused on transgendered women who are at disproportionate risk of HIV acquisition. Concerns exist for drug interactions between cross-sex therapy (estradiol, progestins, and spironolactone) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine. This review assessed the experimental and theoretical risk for such drug interactions. It was found that none of these medications are implicated as major perpetrators of drug interactions, and the classes use different metabolic pathways for clearance, suggesting a low likelihood for interactions in either direction. Subanalyses of transgender women in Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiative suggested PrEP efficacy if adherence was high. Nevertheless, several research gaps were identified, particularly the need for controlled interaction studies in transgendered women, including effects on renal clearance, intracellular tenofovir diphosphate and emtricitabine triphosphate in target cells, as well as hormone effects on HIV susceptibility and immunity. PrEP should continue to be offered to transgender women while additional research is planned or pending.
基于替诺福韦酯(TDF)-恩曲他滨(FTC)的暴露前预防(PrEP)研究尚未关注感染艾滋病毒风险过高的跨性别女性。人们担心跨性别疗法(雌二醇、孕激素和螺内酯)与替诺福韦酯-恩曲他滨之间存在药物相互作用。本综述评估了此类药物相互作用的实验性和理论性风险。结果发现,这些药物均未被认为是药物相互作用的主要原因,并且这些药物类别使用不同的代谢途径进行清除,这表明双向相互作用的可能性较低。暴露前预防倡议中对跨性别女性的亚分析表明,如果依从性高,PrEP是有效的。然而,也发现了几个研究空白,特别是需要在跨性别女性中进行对照相互作用研究,包括对肾清除率、靶细胞内替诺福韦二磷酸酯和恩曲他滨三磷酸酯的影响,以及激素对艾滋病毒易感性和免疫力的影响。在计划或等待进一步研究期间,应继续为跨性别女性提供PrEP。
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