Woode Eric, Ameyaw Elvis Ofori, Boakye-Gyasi Eric, Abotsi Wonder Kofi Mensah, Oppong Kyekyeku James, Adosraku Reimmel, Biney Robert Peter
a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
b Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Science , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana.
Pharm Biol. 2016 Dec;54(12):2978-2986. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1199040. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
Fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. (Annonaceae) are used traditionally to manage arthritis, headache and other pain disorders.
The analgesic properties of the X. aethiopica ethanol fruit extract (XAE) and xylopic acid (XA) were evaluated in musculoskeletal pain models.
Acute muscle pain was induced in gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats with 3% carrageenan (i.m.). Rats received XAE (30-300 mg/kg), XA (10-100 mg/kg) or morphine (1-10 mg/kg) after 12 h. Effects of XAE and XA on muscle pain were assessed by measuring post-treatment grip strength of the rats. Chronic muscle pain was similarly induced, but drug treatment was on the eighth day and effects of XAE and XA assessed with Randall-Selitto test for hyperlagesia. Acute-skeletal pain was induced in knee joints of rats with 3% carrageenan-kaolin mixture and effects determined 12-h later. Similar induction protocol was used for chronic knee pain with treatment and measurement as done for chronic muscle pain.
XAE and XA significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated both acute muscle (ED mg/kg: XAE = 22.9; XA = 6.2) and skeletal hyperalgesia (XAE = 39.9; XA = 17.7) induced by 3% carrageenan. Similarly, chronic skeletal hyperalgesia was reduced by XAE and XA treatment similar to morphine (ED: XAE = 13.0; XA = 4.6). This reduction was also seen in chronic muscle hyperalgesia (ED: XAE = 79.1; XA = 42.7). XAE and XA significantly reduced the spread of hyperalgesia to contralateral limbs in both models of chronic hyperalgesia.
These findings establish analgesic properties of the ethanol fruit extract of X. aethiopica and xylopic acid in musculoskeletal pain.
埃塞俄比亚木瓣树（番荔枝科）的果实传统上用于治疗关节炎、头痛及其他疼痛性疾病。
在肌肉骨骼疼痛模型中评估埃塞俄比亚木瓣树乙醇果实提取物（XAE）和木瓣树酸（XA）的镇痛特性。
用3%角叉菜胶（肌肉注射）在Sprague-Dawley大鼠的腓肠肌诱导急性肌肉疼痛。12小时后，大鼠接受XAE（30 - 300毫克/千克）、XA（10 - 100毫克/千克）或吗啡（1 - 10毫克/千克）。通过测量大鼠治疗后的握力评估XAE和XA对肌肉疼痛的影响。以类似方式诱导慢性肌肉疼痛，但在第8天进行药物治疗，并用Randall-Selitto压痛试验评估XAE和XA的效果。用3%角叉菜胶 - 高岭土混合物在大鼠膝关节诱导急性骨骼疼痛，并在12小时后测定效果。慢性膝关节疼痛采用类似的诱导方案，治疗和测量方法与慢性肌肉疼痛相同。
XAE和XA显著且剂量依赖性地改善了由3%角叉菜胶诱导的急性肌肉（半数有效剂量毫克/千克：XAE = 22.9；XA = 6.2）和骨骼痛觉过敏（XAE = 39.9；XA = 17.7）。同样，XAE和XA治疗可减轻慢性骨骼痛觉过敏，与吗啡类似（半数有效剂量：XAE = 13.0；XA = 4.6）。在慢性肌肉痛觉过敏中也观察到这种减轻（半数有效剂量：XAE = 79.1；XA = 42.7）。在两种慢性痛觉过敏模型中，XAE和XA均显著减少了痛觉过敏向对侧肢体的扩散。
这些发现证实了埃塞俄比亚木瓣树乙醇果实提取物和木瓣树酸在肌肉骨骼疼痛中的镇痛特性。
