Olojede O C, Collins K E, Womack S K, Gerard P D, Peebles E D
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634.
Poult Sci. 2016 Oct 1;95(10):2306-13. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew230. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
The relationships of eggshell, air cell, and embryo cloacal temperatures in Ross × Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs were determined. Twenty eggs were weighed and set on each of 3 tray levels of a single incubator. Eggshell temperature (EST) of the eggs were recorded once in the morning (AM) and afternoon (PM) between 0 and 19 d of incubation (DOI) using an infrared thermometer (IRT). All eggs were candled and a transponder was implanted in the air cell of eggs containing live embryos (12 per tray level) at 12 DOI. At 19 DOI, transponders were implanted in the cloaca of live embryos from those same eggs. Air cell temperature (ACT) and EST readings were recorded once in the AM and PM between 12 and 19 DOI, and ACT and cloaca temperature (CLT) readings were recorded every 6 h between 19 and 21 DOI. The EST and ACT readings between 13 and 19 DOI were positively correlated. However, their respective mean temperatures between 13 and 19 DOI differed. The EST and ACT were not significantly influenced by tray level. Nevertheless, a main effect due to location (eggshell vs. air cell), and an interaction between DOI and time of day (AM and PM) in the 13 to 19 DOI interval were observed. Furthermore, an interaction was observed between location (air cell and cloaca) and the 6 h sequential time periods in the 19 to 21 DOI interval. However, across the entire 19 to 21 DOI interval, mean ACT and CLT were not significantly different, and were positively correlated. These data suggest that ACT readings are higher than those of EST during the last half of incubation, and that between 13 and 19 DOI, ACT readings may have the potential for use as a minimally invasive method by which to more accurately estimate the true core body temperature of broiler embryos. The effects of this method on hatchability and post-hatch performance need determination to better establish its practicality.
测定了罗斯×罗斯708肉鸡种蛋的蛋壳温度、气室温度和胚胎泄殖腔温度之间的关系。将20枚种蛋称重后放置在同一孵化器的3个托盘层中，每层托盘放置相同数量的种蛋。在孵化第0至19天期间，每天上午（AM）和下午（PM）使用红外温度计（IRT）记录一次种蛋的蛋壳温度（EST）。在孵化第12天时，对所有种蛋进行照蛋，并将应答器植入含有活胚胎的种蛋的气室中（每层托盘12枚）。在孵化第19天时，将应答器植入同一批种蛋中活胚胎的泄殖腔内。在孵化第12至19天期间，每天上午和下午记录一次气室温度（ACT）和EST读数；在孵化第19至21天期间，每6小时记录一次ACT和泄殖腔温度（CLT）读数。在孵化第13至19天期间，EST读数与ACT读数呈正相关。然而，在孵化第13至19天期间，它们各自的平均温度有所不同。EST和ACT不受托盘层的显著影响。尽管如此，在孵化第13至19天期间，观察到位置（蛋壳和气室）的主效应以及孵化日龄与一天中时间（上午和下午）之间的相互作用。此外，在孵化第19至21天期间，观察到位置（气室和泄殖腔）与6小时连续时间段之间的相互作用。然而，在整个孵化第19至21天期间，平均ACT和CLT没有显著差异，且呈正相关。这些数据表明，在孵化后期，ACT读数高于EST读数，并且在孵化第13至19天期间，ACT读数有可能作为一种微创方法，用于更准确地估计肉鸡胚胎的真实核心体温。需要确定这种方法对孵化率和出壳后性能的影响，以更好地确定其实用性。
