Redhead Scott A, Vizzini Alfredo, Drehmel Dennis C, Contu Marco
National Mycological Herbarium of Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Science & Technology Branch, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada;
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
IMA Fungus. 2016 Jun;7(1):119-29. doi: 10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.07. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
The genus Amanita has been divided into two monophyletic taxa, Amanita, an ectomycorrhizal genus, and Aspidella, a saprotrophic genus. The controversies and histories about recognition of the two genera based on trophic status are discussed. The name Aspidella E.-J. Gilbert is shown to be illegitimate and a later homonym of Aspidella E. Billings, a well-known generic name for an enigmatic fossil sometimes classified as a fungus or alga. The name Saproamanita is coined to replace Aspidella E.-J. Gilbert for the saprotrophic Amanitas, and a selection of previously molecularly analyzed species and closely classified grassland species are transferred to it along with selected similar taxa. The type illustration for the type species, S. vittadinii, is explained and a subgeneric classification accepting Amanita subgen. Amanitina and subgen. Amanita is proposed. Validation of the family name, Amanitaceae E.-J. Gilbert dating from 1940, rather than by Pouzar in 1983 is explained.
鹅膏菌属已被分为两个单系类群，即外生菌根类群的鹅膏菌属和腐生类群的小托柄菇属。文中讨论了基于营养状况对这两个属的认定所存在的争议及历史。结果表明，小托柄菇属（E.-J. 吉尔伯特）这一名称是非法的，并且是小托柄菇属（E. 比林斯）的晚出同名异物，后者是一个著名的属名，用于一种有时被归类为真菌或藻类的神秘化石。文中创造了腐生鹅膏菌属这一名称来取代小托柄菇属（E.-J. 吉尔伯特）用于腐生鹅膏菌，一些先前经过分子分析的物种以及分类关系密切的草原物种连同一些相似类群被转移至该属。文中解释了模式种腐生鹅膏菌的模式图，并提出了一个接受鹅膏菌亚属鹅膏菌组和鹅膏菌亚属的亚属分类。文中解释了1940年由E.-J. 吉尔伯特提出的鹅膏菌科这一科级名称的有效性，而非1983年由普扎尔提出的。
