Anses, Laboratoire Rage et Faune Sauvage de Nancy, Unité Surveillance et Eco-Epidémiologie des Animaux Sauvages, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire - Bâtiment H, Domaine de Pixérécourt, CS 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France.
Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Auffargis, France.
Prev Vet Med. 2016 Aug 1;130:33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.05.015. Epub 2016 May 31.
Tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis, is endemic in France. The surveillance of this disease in wildlife is operated by the SAGIR Network and by the National Reference Laboratory for Tularemia. Wild animals found dead or dying collected by the SAGIR network are necropsied and when tularemia is suspected culture and/or PCR are performed to confirm the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to present the results of tularemia surveillance in wildlife and to investigate the spatial and temporal pattern of tularemia observed between the 2002-2003 and 2012-2013 hunting seasons in French wildlife. Fourty-one to 121 cases were collected each hunting season for a total of 693 confirmed cases and 46 additional suspected cases. The main species affected was the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) but 4 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), 2 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and one wild boar (Sus scrofa) were also found positive. The Standard Mortality Ratio was mapped and Kulldorff's retrospective space-time scan statistic was implemented and allowed the detection of several clusters: the nationwide outbreak of 2007-2008; 2 clusters in northern and central-western France in high hare-abundance areas and another in North-eastern France where the abundance of hares is low. Our results confirm the usefulness of brown hare as a sentinel of environmental risk.
土拉菌病由土拉弗朗西斯菌引起，在法国流行。该疾病在野生动物中的监测工作由 SAGIR 网络和国家土拉菌病参考实验室进行。SAGIR 网络收集的死亡或濒死野生动物会进行剖检，当怀疑患有土拉菌病时，会进行培养和/或 PCR 以确认诊断。本研究旨在介绍野生动物中土拉菌病监测的结果，并调查 2002-2003 年和 2012-2013 年狩猎季节期间法国野生动物中土拉菌病的时空模式。每个狩猎季节收集 41 至 121 例，共采集 693 例确诊病例和 46 例疑似病例。受影响的主要物种是欧洲野兔（Lepus europaeus），但也发现 4 只家兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）、2 只獐鹿（Capreolus capreolus）和 1 只野猪（Sus scrofa）呈阳性。绘制了标准死亡率比地图，并实施了 Kulldorff 的回顾性时空扫描统计，检测到几个集群：2007-2008 年的全国性暴发；法国北部和中西部高野兔密度地区的 2 个集群，以及野兔密度较低的法国东北部的另一个集群。我们的结果证实了野兔作为环境风险哨兵的有用性。
