Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada.
Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Dec 15;573:1294-1302. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.229. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
A discussion is presented on the limitations for air monitoring studies around the Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC), highlighting key issues requiring further attention, and reports on how a special initiative is addressing these limitations. Preliminary results are presented for the first reported data on organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) concentrations in outdoor air from the GRULAC region. At the majority of sites the concentrations and the profile of the OPFRs detected were similar with tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) dominating (<MDL to 1280pg/m). However, the urban location at Concepción, Chile presented higher concentrations and a different profile with tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) dominating (mean 800pg/m vs 80pg/m at the other locations) -indicating different sources at this location. OPFRs, used extensively as flame retardants and plasticizers, are found ubiquitously in indoor environments yet only few studies report outdoor air levels. This preliminary study of only 7 sites highlights how extensive regional passive sampling networks (such as GAPS) can provide important new information to support risk assessment of these and similar chemicals. Finally, the various challenges with implementing a regional monitoring program are discussed, including harmonizing data from various monitoring programs for reporting to the GMP.
本文讨论了拉丁美洲和加勒比国家集团（GRULAC）地区空气质量监测研究的局限性，强调了需要进一步关注的关键问题，并报告了一项特别倡议如何解决这些局限性。本文还介绍了 GRULAC 地区户外空气中有机磷阻燃剂（OPFR）浓度的首次报告数据的初步结果。在大多数监测点，检测到的 OPFR 浓度和特征与三（氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCPP）为主（<MDL 至 1280pg/m）相似。然而，智利康塞普西翁的城市位置呈现出更高的浓度和不同的特征，其中三（2-丁氧基乙基）磷酸酯（TBEP）占主导地位（平均浓度为 800pg/m，而其他位置为 80pg/m），表明该位置存在不同的来源。OPFR 被广泛用作阻燃剂和增塑剂，在室内环境中普遍存在，但只有少数研究报告了户外空气水平。这项仅有 7 个监测点的初步研究强调了广泛的区域被动采样网络（如 GAPS）如何能够提供重要的新信息，以支持对这些和类似化学物质的风险评估。最后，讨论了实施区域监测计划的各种挑战，包括协调来自各种监测计划的数据以向 GMP 报告。
