Perino Michael T, Miernicki Michelle E, Telzer Eva H
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2016 Nov;11(11):1762-1771. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsw096. Epub 2016 Jul 21.
Given the spike in risky behaviors that accompanies adolescence, the need to examine the processes and contextual factors that influence disinhibition for adolescents is of great import. Using an emotionally salient cognitive control task, we examined how socially appetitive and aversive cues differentially affect behavioral inhibition across development. In Study 1 (N = 94, ages 8-30 years), we found that socially appetitive cues were particularly detrimental to inhibition, a finding driven by our adolescent sample. In Study 2 (N = 35, ages 12-17 years), we sought to explore the neural processes implicated in suboptimal inhibition during adolescence. Replicating our behavioral findings from Study 1, socially appetitive cues again caused detriments to inhibition compared with socially aversive cues. At the neural level, increased activation in affective regions (amygdala and ventral striatum) while viewing socially appetitive relative to socially aversive cues was correlated with increases in disinhibition. Furthermore, both whole-brain and functional connectivity analyses suggest recruitment of affective and social-detection networks (fusiform, bilateral temporoparietal junction) may account for the increased focus on appetitive relative to aversive cues. Together, our findings suggest that adolescents show detriments in inhibition to socially appetitive contexts, which is related to increased recruitment of affective and social processing neural regions.
鉴于青春期伴随着危险行为的激增，研究影响青少年抑制解除的过程和背景因素非常重要。我们使用一项具有情感显著性的认知控制任务，研究了社交性奖励线索和厌恶线索如何在整个发育过程中对行为抑制产生不同影响。在研究1（N = 94，年龄8至30岁）中，我们发现社交性奖励线索对抑制特别有害，这一发现是由我们的青少年样本驱动的。在研究2（N = 35，年龄12至17岁）中，我们试图探究青春期次优抑制所涉及的神经过程。重复我们在研究1中的行为学发现，与社交性厌恶线索相比，社交性奖励线索再次导致抑制能力下降。在神经层面，观看社交性奖励线索相对于社交性厌恶线索时，情感区域（杏仁核和腹侧纹状体）的激活增加与抑制解除的增加相关。此外，全脑和功能连接分析表明，情感和社会检测网络（梭状回、双侧颞顶联合区）的参与可能解释了相对于厌恶线索，对奖励线索的关注度增加。总之，我们的研究结果表明，青少年在社交性奖励情境中的抑制能力受损，这与情感和社会加工神经区域的参与增加有关。
